Due to uncertain nature of wind and photovoltaic power units, the participation of this units in electricity markets is subjected to significant deviation penalties. This issue leads to despondency or even admission of these units in the competitive environment. With regard to this fact that the low deviations are available when predictions are performed in a short-term horizon and also distrib...

Virtual power plant (VPP) is an effective approach to aggregate distributed generation resources under a central control. This paper introduces a mixed-integer linear programming model for optimal scheduling of the internal resources of a large scale VPP in order to maximize its profit. The proposed model studies the effect of a demand response (DR) program on the scheduling of the VPP. The pro...

The wind turbine has grown out to be one of the most common Renewable Energy Sources (RES) around the world in recent years. This study was intended to position the Wind Turbine (WT) on a wind farm to achieve the highest performance possible in Electric Distribution Network (EDN). In this paper a new optimization algorithm namely Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is applied to solve the problem of opt...

when a distribution network consisting of distributed generations (dgs) is disconnected from upstream network, the system may be exposed to severe power imbalance. in order to prevent the damage of power plants, frequency relays operate and remove dgs from the network. in contrast to traditional methods, the main objective in new methods is to keep dg units in service in the islanded distributi...

this paper presents a multi-objective formulation for optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation (dg) resources in distribution systems in order to minimize the cost of power losses and energy not supplied. the implemented technique is based on a genetic algorithm (ga) and weight method that employed to obtain the best compromise between these costs. simulation results on 33-bus distri...

distributed generation (dg) sources are becoming more prominent indistribution systems due to the incremental demands for electrical energy. locationsand capacities of dg sources have great impacts on the system losses in adistribution network. this paper presents a study aimed for optimally determiningthe size and location of distributed generation units in distribution systems withdifferent l...

The increasing adoption of renewable power generation makes volatile quantities of electricity available, the delivery of which cannot be guaranteed. However, if not sold, the electricity might need to be curtailed, thus foregoing potential profits. In this paper we adapt service level agreements (SLAs) for the future smart electricity grid, where generation will primarily depend on volatile an...

Nowadays, renewable energies are very crucial and have a special place in the world. Renewable-energy resources are utilized by most of the Distributed Generations (DG) in the grid interconnected power system. Due to the advantages of renewable energy resources like clean nature, pollution free, cost free, the use of they are increasing in daily life. The major problems due to such distributed ...

A limited supply of existing fossil fuels together with the increasing demand for energy and the impending problem of the global climate change has motivated the need to incorporate a vast amount of renewable energy in our energy portfolio. Renewable sources are non-dispatchable sources that are both intermittent and uncertain in nature. At large penetration levels this variability can pose sig...