PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent guidelines on the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children have seen a shift from aggressive imaging studies and the use of prophylactic antibiotics to a more restrictive and targeted approach. This review focuses on new additions to the literature on management of UTI from January 2011 to September 2012. RECENT FINDINGS The causal relationship betwee...

OBJECTIVE In this prospective study we investigated the role of plasma levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in children with urinary tract infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured the levels of plasma suPAR during admission in 42 children with suspected acute pyelonephritis and compared the results to acute DMSA scintigraphy. RESULTS The mean level of plasma...

The outcome of antireflux surgery for vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) was studied in 39 children (65 renal units). The T max of the renogram improved significantly after operations in 51 (78.5%) of the 65 renal units due to a reduction of the back pressure. Improvements in scarring were observed in only 3 (7.3%) of 41 scarred kidneys. The growth of 38 kidneys was examined using the renal ratio, mo...

Macrophages have classically been recognized as key players that may promote renal fibrosis. However, several recent studies have suggested a beneficial anti-fibrotic role of infiltrating macrophages that acts to preserve renal architecture in the progressive renal scarring associated with obstructive nephropathy. Furthermore, recent investigations indicate a role for macrophages in both inflam...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated clinical characteristics of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants in a 30-year period in Brazil with special reference to the relation of renal parenchymal damage to urinary tract infection and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 1975 through 2005, 417 girls (81.6%) and 94 boys (18.4%) with all grades of reflux were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were catego...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate power Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosis and prediction of scarring compared with technetium Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy in acute pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six children, aged 2 months to 6 years old, admitted with clinical and biological signs of their first febrile urinary tract infection were studied....

D espite the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood, and the numerous contributions on the subject in the literature, there is surprisingly little consensus on urinary tract imaging requirements, perhaps reflecting the paucity of high quality intervention studies and data on long term outcome. Diagnostic imaging following UTI in childhood has been accepted practice for nearly 4...

The vast majority of animal data derived from models of either remnant kidney or diabetes demonstrate that dihydropyridine (nifedipine-like) calcium-channel blockers (DHPCCBs) effectively reduce arterial pressure but do not significantly affect proteinuria nor prevent development of glomerular scarring. Conversely, the non-DHPCCBs such as diltiazem and verapamil blunt both the rise in proteinur...

UNLABELLED We aimed to report a healed renal parenchymal defect after 6 years in a 9-year-old girl who was being followed for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). The first UTI was at the age of two. She was being followed with ultrasonography, urine analysis and urine culture since the first UTI. Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy was repeated four times up to the p...

The proper algorithm for the radiographic evaluation of children with febrile urinary tract infection (FUTI) is hotly debated. Three studies are commonly administered: renal-bladder ultrasound (RUS), voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan. However, the order in which these tests are obtained depends on the methodology followed: bottom-up or top-down. Each stra...