This study was designed to examine the effect of losartan treatment on renal tubular function in rats with mild congestive heart failure (CHF) induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. In rats with CHF, there was a significant decrease in daily sodium excretion, which caused sodium retention relative to control rats. Renal function studies revealed that glomerular filtration r...

Patients with diabetes are at risk of early renal function decline. Therefore, kidney function needs monitoring at least once per year. Once the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 60 ml/min, the pharmacokinetics of antidiabetic drugs may be altered. Sulfonylurea and glinide therapies are associated with a risk of hypoglycaemia which is increased in the presence of renal impairment. M...

fasting during the month of ramadan is one of the five pillars of islam. during this month, adult muslims are obligated to refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk. although based on islamic principles patients are exempted from fasting, each year, and many muslim patients express their willingness to observe the fast in ramadan month to respect the cultural customs. there are concern...

Metabolic alkalosis was induced in dogs by administering ethacrynic acid and sustained by feeding a chloride-deficient diet. At the height of the alkalosis extracellular fluid was expanded "isometrically," i.e., with an infusion that duplicated plasma sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate concentrations. Correction of metabolic alkalosis promptly followed such expansion and was attributed to the se...

context: normal pregnancy is associated with sodium and water retention, which results in plasma volume expansion prior to placental implantation. the explanation offered for these events is that pregnancy ‘resets’ both volume and osmoreceptors. evidence acquisition: the mechanisms for such an enigmatic ‘resetting’ in pregnancy have not previously been explained. however, recent human pregnancy...

background: the presence of hyperuricemia and renal function impairment, especially in the absence of urate stone formation is strongly suggestive of lead nephropathy. the evaluation of this association is essential in areas where lead exposure is still prevalent and uncontrolled. objective: to determine the relationship between serum uric acid and renal function indices in lead-exposed workers...

One of the key mechanisms involved in renal Na(+) retention in chronic heart failure (CHF) is activation of epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC) in collecting tubules. Proteolytic cleavage has an important role in activating ENaC. We hypothesized that enhanced levels of proteases in renal tubular fluid activate ENaC, resulting in renal Na(+) retention in rats with CHF. CHF was produced by left coro...

This paper presents a study of renal function in I02 patients with lead poisoning admitted to the Occupational Diseases Clinic in Bucharest during the past IO years; nearly half the patients had no history of lead colic. Every possible cause of renal damage, other than lead, was excluded by a careful differential diagnosis. Renal function was investigated by repeated determinations of blood ure...

Isotonic saline is a widely-used infusion fluid, although the associated chloride load may cause metabolic acidosis and impair kidney function in young, healthy volunteers. We wished to examine whether these effects also occurred in the elderly, and conducted a crossover study in 13 men with a mean age of 73 years (range 66-84), who each received intravenous infusions of 1.5 l of Ringer's aceta...

Introduction: During hemorrhagic shock (HS), the kidneys are one of the primary target organs involved. Oxidative stress is shown to be enhanced in different models of acute kidney injury (AKI). Remote ischemic preconditioning (RPC) by brief limb ischemia is considered to be a safe method to protect different organs from further damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of brief hind l...