Renal failure from ischemia contributes to morbidity and mortality. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) represents a powerful strategy for kidney protection, and recent advances in transgenic mice may help elucidate its molecular mechanisms. However, murine IP is technically challenging and experimental details significantly influence results. Thus we developed a novel model for renal IP using a hang...

BACKGROUND Mannitol has been employed to ameliorate renal warm ischemia damage during partial nephrectomy, however, there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of mannitol during partial nephrectomy. The objective of the present study was to investigate the glomerular number after renal warm ischemia, with and without the use of mannitol in a Pig Model. METHODS Twenty-four male pi...

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury. We previously found that renal A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) activation attenuated multiple cell death pathways including necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Here, we tested whether induction of cytoprotective sphingosine kinase (SK)-1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis might be the mechanism of protection...

Our recent study (Prathapasinghe GA, Siow YL, O K. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F1354-F1363, 2007) indicates that homocysteine (Hcy) plays a detrimental role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury. Elevation of renal Hcy concentration during ischemia-reperfusion is attributed to reduced activity of cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the transsulf...

Several techniques to induce renal ischemia have been proposed: clamp, PVA particles, and catheter-balloon. We report the development of a controlled, single-insult model of unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) without contralateral nephrectomy, using a suitable model, the pig. This is a balloon-catheter-based model using a percutaneous, interventional radiology procedure. One angioplast...

PURPOSE To evaluate functional alterations of renal ischemia and reperfusion injury using MR diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic perfusion imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Animal renal ischemia was respectively induced for 30 (group 1), 60 (group 2), 90 (group 3), and 120 (group 4) minutes by left renal artery ligation under anesthesia. Usi...

Purpose: To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of combination of apigenin and ischemic post conditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Materials and methods: Fifty rats were randomly separated into 5 groups: (1) sham-operation groups: a midline laparotomy was performed only; (2) I/R group: rats were underwent 45 min of renal ischemia; (3) apigenin group: rats was subj...

INTRODUCTION Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) initiates inflammatory response with synthesis of free oxygen radicals, chemokines, and cytokines which attract neutrophils and monocytes, which then differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, activating adaptive immune response. The spleen is the main source of both monocytes and lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to assess whet...

Immunosuppressive agents may have an impact on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) presents properties that can attenuate such injury. This study investigated the effects of MMF on renal I/R injury. Male Wistar rats received MMF (20 mg/kg per d) or vehicle by gavage beginning 2 d before ischemia and maintained during the entire study. Ischemic in...

I T IS generally recognized that at steady-state conditions less than 10% of cyclosporine (CyA)1.2 or FK 5063 is excreted by the kidney and that renal function has little or no effect on the blood or plasma levels of either of these two drugs. Experimental studies, however, have shown that animals with severely impaired renal function have higher blood CyA trough levels than do controls.4 .5 Th...