The sessile nature of plants demands the development of seed-dispersal mechanisms to establish new growing loci. Dispersal strategies of many species involve drying of the dispersal unit, which induces directed contraction and movement based on changing environmental humidity. The majority of researched hygroscopic dispersal mechanisms are based on a bilayered structure. Here, we investigate th...

I applaud the ASM for the decision to put their head above the parapet and cast aside the essentially meaningless metric of journal impact factor (IF). What began as a measure intended to allow quantitative evaluation of the importance of journals, IFs have virtually consumed all other (often more relevant) considerations regarding quality of publication. Ironically, for many of the scientists ...

Removal of broken locking bolts requires careful planning. The following tips facilitate the procedure and reduce operation time. Positioning the patient supine without traction allows optimal adduction. Early screw removal will leave the nail rotationally unstable; apply the jig beforehand. If direct palpation is not possible, access the end cap by a guided drill (Fig 1). Use screw holders (Fi...

In the present study, lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) coated with iron oxide was investigated as a low cost sorbent to remove  from wastewater. Iron oxide coated LECA (IOCL) as a new sorbent was tested for its efficiency as  sorbent using operational parameters such as contact time, the initial pH of the solutions, and sorbent dosage concentration in batch systems. The adsorption cha...

If we track atom occurrences in classical propositional proofs in deep inference, we see that they can form cyclic structures between cuts and identity steps. These cycles are an obstacle to a very natural form of normalisation, that simply unfolds all the contractions in a proof. This mechanism, which we call ‘decomposition’, has many points of contact with explicit substitutions in lambda cal...

In this paper we investigate how certain results related to the HananiTutte theorem can be lifted to orientable surfaces of higher genus. We give a new simple, geometric proof that the weak Hanani-Tutte theorem is true for higher-genus surfaces. We extend the proof to prove that bipartite generalized thrackles in a surface S can be embedded in S. We also show that a result of Pach and Tóth that...

Removing Shadows from Images

Timed automata are among the most widely studied models for real-time systems. Silent transitions, i.e., "-transitions, have already been proposed in the original paper on timed automata by Alur and Dill 2]. In 7] it is shown that "-transitions can be removed, if they do not reset clocks; moreover "-transitions strictly increase the power of timed automata, if there is a self-loop containing "-...

The Prediction Error Filter (PEF) is a widely used tool in various geophysical applications such as signal-noise separation and interpolation of missing data. Over the years, SEP has developed tools to estimate non-stationary Prediction Error Filters. Non-stationary PEFs are successfully used for multiple removal, ground-roll attenuation, and in other geophysical problems. I apply a non-station...

This paper describes a method for the detection and removal of shadows in RGB images. The shadows are with hard borders. The proposed method begins with a segmentation of the color image. It is then decided if a segment is a shadow by examination of its neighboring segments. We use the method introduced in Finlayson et. al. [1] to remove the shadows by zeroing the shadow’s borders in an edge re...