Generalized models of joint surface shapes are the foundation for mechanism studies on the mechanical effects of rock joint surface shapes. Based on extensive field investigations of rock joint surface shapes, generalized models for three level shapes named macroscopic outline, surface undulating shape, and microcosmic roughness were established through statistical analyses of 20,078 rock joint...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes and quantitatively assess the roughness of dentin after the ablation with a ytterbium-doped potassium yttrium tungstate (yb: kyw) thin-disk femtosecond pulsed laser of different fluences, scanning speeds and scanning distances. method: twelve extracted human premolars were sectioned into crowns and roots along the cem...

Representation of surface roughness effects on aeolian sediment transport is a key source of uncertainty in wind erosion models. Drag partitioning schemes are used to account for roughness by scaling the soil entrainment threshold by the ratio of shear stress on roughness elements to that on the vegetated land surface. This approach does not explicitly account for the effects of roughness confi...

Nanoparticles of a bicalutamide nanosuspension were imaged using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to gain some insight into particle size and aggregation. Particles of bicalutamide in a PVP-stabilised suspension were imaged and the data analyzed. The particles were observed to be uniform in size at down to 160 nm in diameter although some larger aggregates were observed. Sample roughness was analy...

It is known that marine sediments can support both compressional and shear waves. However, published work on scattering from irregular elastic media has not examined the influence of shear on sea bed scattering in detail. A perturbation model previously developed by the authors for joint roughness-volume scattering is used to study the effects of elasticity for three sea bed types: sedimentary ...

the developing turbulent flow in an open channel is a complex three-dimensional flow influenced by the secondary currents and free surface effects and is, therefore, not amenable to analytical solution. this paper aims to study the impact of three key hydraulic parameters (relative roughness, the froude number and the reynolds number) on the establishment length using computational fluid dynami...

in this paper, a new non-contact ultrasonic abrasive finishing mechanism is designed and fabricated. this mechanism combines the function of ultrasonic vibrations and the magnetic abrasive finishing (maf) process. a permanent magnet which is mounted on a horn has been used as the processing tool. this polishing tool is vibrated at an ultrasonic frequency with piezo-electric actuators. ultrasoni...

X-ray and electron di!raction have been used to determine the surface roughness parameters of thin "lms and thus evaluate roughness e!ects on magnetic properties. For self-a$ne roughness, the demagnetizing factor is in#uenced by the roughness exponent H, and is proportional to w/m2 with w being the RMS roughness amplitude and m being the lateral correlation length. Roughness anisotropy can ampl...

Turbidity currents in the ocean and lakes are driven by suspended sediment. The vertical profiles of velocity and excess density are shaped by interaction between the current and bed as well as between the current and the ambient water. This paper presents 48 series of experiments in which saline gravity currents flow through a laboratory sinuous flume. flume contains three successive bends wit...

Recently, PEO process of tantalum has been developed as a method of producing corrosion-resistant, hard, wear-resistant, and biocompatible as well as having good adhesion coatings. In this review, we present the results of PEO process of tantalum in three main electrolytes. This review tries to measure the effect of electrolyte composition and voltage that were used within PEO procedure on the ...