Sexual reproduction has long been proposed as a major factor explaining the existence of species and species diversity. Yet, the importance of sex for diversification remains obscure because of a lack of critical theory, difficulties of applying universal concepts of species and speciation, and above all the scarcity of empirical tests. Here, we use genealogical theory to compare the relative t...

The young rabbit appendix is a dynamic site for primary B cell repertoire development. To study diversification patterns during clonal expansion, we collected single appendix B cells from 3- to 9-wk-old rabbits and sequenced rearranged H and L chain genes. Single cells obtained by hydraulic micromanipulation or laser capture microdissection were lysed, PCR amplified, and products directly seque...

Disruptive selection is a process that can result in multiple subgroups within a population, which is referred to as diversification. Foraging-related diversification has been described in many taxa, but many questions remain about the contribution of such diversification to reproductive isolation and potentially sympatric speciation. Here, we use stable isotope analysis of diet and morphologic...

Cross-sector competition in the information and communications technology sectors (ICT sectors) constitutes a key strategic challenge for telecommunications companies. Due to increasing convergence, value creation is resulting in a greater degree of interaction. The diversification potential of telecommunications businesses is therefore changing with respect to associated ICT sectors, such as h...

Species richness varies widely across the tree of life, and there is great interest in identifying ecological, geographic, and other factors that affect rates of species proliferation. Recent methods for explicitly modeling the relationships among character states, speciation rates, and extinction rates on phylogenetic trees- BiSSE, QuaSSE, GeoSSE, and related models-have been widely used to te...

Island radiations have played a major role in shaping our current understanding of allopatric, sympatric and parapatric speciation. However, the fact that species divergence correlates with island size emphasizes the importance of geographic isolation (allopatry) in speciation. Based on molecular and morphological data, we investigated the diversification of the land snail genus Theba on the tw...

purpose: this study investigats the role of tourism second homes in rural economy diversification and improvement of creating jobs and income opportunities of permanent residents in the hesar-e- valiasr dehestan. methodology: this research is applied and the method is analytical– descriptive. data collected by the use of field studies, from a total number of 358 permanent households in sample s...

Sky islands provide ideal opportunities for understanding how climatic changes associated with Pleistocene glacial cycles influenced species distributions, genetic diversification, and demography. The salamander Plethodon ouachitae is largely restricted to high-elevation, mesic forest on six major mountains in the Ouachita Mountains. Because these mountains are separated by more xeric, low-elev...

Strengthening economic resilience is the key to stable growth in various regions. Previous studies have paid more attention level and evolution trend of resilience, seldom Dissected reasons for differences regional resilience. This paper takes 243 cities China as research object explains from perspective industrial diversification. The results show that diversification helps improve Compared wi...