Genetic algorithm (GA) and differential evolution (DE) are metaheuristic algorithms that have shown a favorable performance in the optimization of complex problems. In recent years, only GA has been widely used for single-objective optimal design reinforced concrete (RC) structures; however, it applied multiobjective steel structures. this article, total structural cost roof displacement consid...

This paper presents the application of the genetic algorithm to the design of some common concrete structures in Hong Kong, namely, tall reinforced concrete building frameworks, long-span concrete portal frames and prestressed concrete beams or bridges using spreadsheet. Cross-sectional dimensions of member groups are treated as discrete design variables and the method aims to minimize the weig...