1 Regulatory and Structural Information The information contained in a gene can conceptually be separated into a regulatory and a structural component. Structural information determines the structure of the gene product and typically takes the form of a coding sequence of nucleotides, which is then (according to the “central dogma of molecular biology”) translated to an amino acid sequence whic...

RNA has been shown recently to playa prominent role in regulating gene expression in a wide variety of organisms. Natural examples of RNA-dependent gene regulation include modulation of transcription (Wassarman and Storz, 2000; Winkler et al., 2002), translation (Moller-Jensen et al., 200 I; Moller et al., 2002; Bartel, 2004), and the temporal stability of mRNA (Masse et al., 2003; Meister and ...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is by far the most common cancer among Swedish men. Some patients have an aggressive lethal disease, but the majority of affected men have long expected survival. Unfortunately, the diagnostic tools available are insufficient in predicting disease aggressiveness. Novel prognostic markers are therefore urgently needed. Furthermore, metastatic prostate cancer is genera...

Regulators frequently face difficult economic trade-offs in their decision-making. They must know how to assess the effects of policies on stakeholders under conditions of imperfect information. Part of the art of regulation revolves around understanding the linkages between choice of market structure, design of regulatory rules, and institutional requirements. In addition, different aspects of...

Gene expression is controlled by interactions between trans-regulatory factors and cis-regulatory DNA sequences, and these interactions constitute the essential functional linkages of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Validation of GRN models requires experimental cis-regulatory tests of predicted linkages to authenticate their identities and proposed functions. However, cis-regulatory analysis ...

Bimodality of gene expression, as a mechanism contributing to phenotypic diversity, enhances the survival of cells in a fluctuating environment. To date, the bimodal response of a gene regulatory system has been attributed to the cooperativity of transcription factor binding or to feedback loops. It has remained unclear whether noncooperative binding of transcription factors can give rise to bi...

With increasing number of pathways available in public databases, the process of inferring gene regulatory networks becomes more and more feasible. The major problem of most of these pathways is that they are very often faulty or describe only parts of a regulatory system due to limitations of the experimental techniques or due to a focus specifically only on a subnetwork of a larger process. T...

Information Technology (IT) has become one of the critical components that facilitates any banking institutions’ ability to meet regulatory requirements, in an efficient and a cost-effective way. In many instances, dedicated regulatory IT systems have been established, and comparable to most implementations, they are often considered a significant investment. Viewed from the longstanding debate...