PURPOSE To identify heritable genetic factors altering susceptibility to refractive error in the general population. METHODS This was a genetic association study of refractive error investigating genetic polymorphisms in regions previously reported through linkage. Two study panels were drawn from the British 1958 Birth Cohort, composed of 2211 persons 44 years of age at the time of visit. Tw...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of vision-enhancing interventions (cataract surgery or refractive error correction) on physical function and cognitive status in nursing home residents. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Seventeen nursing homes in Birmingham, Alabama. PARTICIPANTS A total of 187 English-speaking adults aged 55 and older. INTERVENTION Participants took part in on...

PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of different formulas used for IOL power calculation in patients with high axial myopia undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS A prospective clinical study was carried out on 53 eyes of 51 patients with an axial length from 25.5 to 31.4 mm including 21 males (41.2%) and 30 females (58.8%). Calculation of the IOL power to be implanted was done by three available ...

PURPOSE To report on the frequency of observed refractive and accommodative errors among junior high school teachers in Jakarta, Indonesia, who participated in a Helen Keller International screening, refraction and spectacle distribution program. METHODS A total of 965 teachers from 19 schools were eligible for screening; those with uncorrected distance visual acuity (VA) ≤ 6/12-3 and teacher...

PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of refractive errors in a population of adult Americans. METHODS From 1988 to 1990, 4926 adults who were 43 to 84 years of age and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin at the time of the 1987-1988 census were examined. Refractions were performed according to a modification of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol. Included in this study were 453...

BACKGROUND The present study investigated the prevalence of refractive error, visual impairment, and eye diseases in school-aged children in western China. METHODS The survey was done in a representative county (Yongchuan District, Chongqing Municipality) of western China. Cluster random sampling was used to select children aged 6 to 15 years. We conducted door-to-door surveys and eye examina...

The problem of measuring the objective refractive error with an aberrometer has shown to be more elusive than expected. Here, the formalism of differential geometry is applied to develop a theoretical framework of refractive error sensing. At each point of the pupil, the local refractive error is given by the wavefront curvature, which is a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix, whose elements are directly re...

We investigate the changes in refractive error and clinical evaluation in partially accommodative esotropia(PAET) after surgery. A total of 68 patients PAET who received at least 2 years of follow-up after surgery were enrolled in this study. We performed a retrospective study in patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral medial rectus recession for a non-accommodative component of PAET bet...

When retinopathy of prematurity regresses, as it does in most cases, these children are typically reevaluated several months later. If a cycloplegic refraction is normal, there is a wide variety of practice patterns to address when these children should be reexamined. An unanswered question is whether the children remain at high risk of developing significant refractive errors. In this issue, M...

BACKGROUND To determine the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT), refractive error, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and axial length in normal Taiwanese Chinese adults. METHODS Five hundred normal Taiwanese Chinese patients aged 40-80 years were recruited for the study. Measurement procedures included CCT, refractive error, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth a...