School refusal is a phenomenon that first drew attention in Japan around 1960 and it remains one of the major issues in child psychiatry today. Moreover, it is now said that there exists a large group of latent school refusers currently attending school but harboring feelings of school avoidance. To address this issue, a questionnaire survey was conducted on students enrolled in a junior high a...

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify characteristics of infants and their families who were enrolled, refused to enroll, or were excluded from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. METHOD 16,435 infants screened at birth and identified as at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) were placed into one of three categories: enrolled, excluded, or re...

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine rates of treatment refusal and premature termination for pharmacotherapy alone, psychotherapy alone, pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy, and psychotherapy plus pill placebo treatments. A systematic review of the literature resulted in 186 comparative trials that included a report of treatment refusal and/or premature termination for at least 2 of...

OBJECTIVES To estimate how many people object to storage of biological samples collected in health care in Sweden and to their use in research and how many withdraw previous consent. DESIGN Cross sectional study of register data. SETTING Biobanks used in Swedish health care, 2005-6. Population Data on refusal to consent were obtained for 1.4 million biobank samples per year from 20 of 21 co...

This paper describes the stakes of ongoing conversations in areas queer theory and black studies on epistemological, ethical, political role unintelligibility. In line with longstanding philosophical questions about value aporia as gap or absence understanding, thinkers like Lee Edelman Frank Wilderson III have articulated how people regularly fallen into spaces unintelligibility they run again...

Rights of first refusal are contract clauses that, recognizing the incompleteness of contracts, are intended to provide the holder of a license or lease with some protection when the contract comes to an end. The simplest right of first refusal gives the right holder the ability to act after potential competitors. However, another common implementation of a right of first refusal requires the r...

BACKGROUND The cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design provides an opportunity to incorporate the benefits of randomisation within clinical practice; thus reducing costs, integrating electronic healthcare records, and improving external validity. This study aims to address a key concern of the cmRCT design: refusal to treatment is only present in the intervention arm, and thi...

BACKGROUND Parent refusal or deliberate delay of their child's vaccinations poses a challenge for pediatricians. Some pediatricians may choose to dismiss these families from their practice. OBJECTIVES To describe pediatricians' responses to scenarios of vaccine refusal, identify reasons pediatricians cite for both parent refusal and family dismissal, and illustrate pediatrician attitudes abou...

IMPORTANCE Socioeconomic and behavioral factors can negatively influence posthospital outcomes among patients of low socioeconomic status (SES). Traditional hospital personnel often lack the time, skills, and community linkages required to address these factors. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a tailored community health worker (CHW) intervention would improve posthospital outcomes among low-SES...