Artificial peptides can be designed to possess a variety of functionalities. If these peptides can be ordered in an ensemble, the functionality can impart macroscopic material properties to the ensemble. Neutron reflectivity is shown to be an effective probe of the intramolecular structures of such peptides vectorially oriented at an interface, key to ensuring that the designed molecular struct...

Transient reflectivity measurements using ultrashort pulse pump-probe techniques can provide very useful information on fast carrier dynamics in semiconductors. Several non-trivial problems encountered in measuring reflectivity changes have been described. These changes can be very small (ΔR/R ~10 or less) and hence measuring these small changes is not straightforward. The possible solutions in...

An approximate method to compute rough estimates of the broadside radar return from axially symmetric ionized gas columns is presented and applied to an illustrative example The method uses a continuum approach and takes into account the electron-neuti al collision frequency and both axial and radial variation of electron density The local reflectivity is determined as a function of axial posit...

We present a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) setup, based on the Kretschmann configuration, capable of simultaneously acquiring the complete spectral and angular plasmonic reflectivity response on all points of the sensing area. Several line poly(methyl methacrylate) grating regions were fabricated on a thin-film gold surface and characterized with this SPRI system. Reflectivity maps o...

mator by Addition of Hydrogen in Titanium Layer The current neutron guides and super mirrors are made of alternatively repeating Ni−C and Ti Multilayer(ML) coating. The most important factors required to obtain the highperformance reflectivity from neutron guide or super mirror coating are to select proper materials with the large scattering length density contrast, to regulate the bilayer thic...

A method for producing radio-wave-reflecting concrete, which is potentially useful for lateral guidance in automatic highways, is provided. In the form of cement paste, it contains a small amount (0.5 vol.%) of 0.1 mm diameter carbon filaments as an admixture. The radiation absorbed is negligible compared to that reflected. The reflectivity at 1 GHz is 10 dB higher for radiowave-reflecting ceme...

The condenser is a critical component in compact water-window x-ray microscopes as it influences the exposure time via its efficiency and the resolution via its numerical aperture. Normal-incidence multilayer mirrors can reach large geometrical collection efficiencies and match the numerical aperture of the zone plate but require advanced processing for high total reflectivity. In the present a...

We present the results of the characterization of Mg/Co periodic multilayers and their thermal stability for the EUV range. The annealing study is performed up to a temperature of 400°C. Images obtained by scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy clearly show the good quality of the multilayer structure. The measurements of the EUV reflectivity around 25 n...

We have experimentally studied the optical refractive index of few-layer graphene through reflection spectroscopy at visible wavelengths. A laser scanning microscope (LSM) with a coherent supercontinuum laser source measured the reflectivity of an exfoliated graphene flake on a Si/SiO2 substrate, containing monolayer, bilayer and trilayer areas, as the wavelength of the laser was varied from 54...

We show that the theoretical reflectivities of multilayered Mo/Be and Mo/Si extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mirrors tuned for the 11-14 nm spectral region can be enhanced significantly by incorporating additional materials within the stack. The reflectivity performance of these quarter-wave multilayers can be enhanced further by global optimization procedures by which the layer thicknesses are varied...