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background the impact factor (if), as the most important criterion for journal’s quality measurement, is affected by the self-citation and number of publications in each journal. objectives to find out the relationship between the number of publications and self-citations in a journal, and their correlations with if. materials and methods self-citations and impact factors of nine top gastroente...

background: the purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of ghost and honorary authors and its determinant factors in bio-medical journals of iran. methods: the study was done in 2009-10 in tehran, kerman, and iran medical universities, iran.  we contacted the first or corresponding authors of the papers had published papers in the recent two issues of iranian journal of public health...

background: heat stress is one of the agents in the work environment that can create numerous problems for workers. the objective of this research is to study heat stress control in the foundry platform of a steel plant in tehran. methods: in this experimental study, controlling plans were demonstrated for the work conditions improvement in one of steel plant's foundry platforms. for controllin...

three nearly simultaneous events around the end of the 19th century, i.e., the discovery of x‐rays by roentgen in 1895, natural radioactivity by antoine‐henri becquerel in 1896 and isolation of radium by the curies' in 1898 opened the nuclear era which has changed broadly the worlds of physics, biology and medicine. at the close of the 20th century, fundamental discoveries in biology at mo...

ion getLL();Get the lower level abstraction of this entity. Void setLL(In Abstraction abst); Set the lower level abstraction of this entity. Abstraction getHL();Get the higher level abstraction of thisentity.ion getHL();Get the higher level abstraction of thisentity. Void setHL(In Abstraction abst); Set the higher level abstraction of this entity. Operations on Factories Res...

When conflicts and disagreements cannot be resolved because there is no common ground, it might be better to replace the fight for ‘the truth’ by an exchange of arguments whose primary purpose is not to ‘win’ but to stimulate reflection, creativity, and perspective shifts. This is what I call “reflective argumentation” by contrast to three better known approaches to argument which Christoph Lum...

Social behavior depends on sensory input from the visual, mechanical and olfactory systems. One important issue concerns the relative roles of each sensory modality in guiding behavior. The role of visual inputs has been examined by isolating visual stimuli from mechanical and chemosensory stimuli. In some studies (Bruski & Dunham, 1987: Delgado-Morales et al., 2004) visual inputs have been rem...

This paper presents a pattern for generating persistence methods in runtime, using the Java API Reflection, with high levels of maintainability and reusability.