Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased incidence of behavioral changes and memory loss. Memory loss could be caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). So, we aimed to investigate the effect of sitagliptin in improving the working and reference memories in diabetic rats. Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley rats divided equally (n=12) into three groups: contro...

Problem statement: In order to improve and implement Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), in general, an efficient parallel form in digital signal processor is necessary. The butterfly structure is an important role in FFT, because its symmetry form is suitable for hardware implementation. Although it can perform a symmetric structure, the performance will be reduced under the data-dependent flow char...

The self-reference effect (SRE) is a powerful memory advantage associated with encoding in reference to the self (e.g., Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). To explore whether this mnemonic benefit occurs spontaneously, the current study assessed how ageing and divided attention affect the magnitude of the SRE in emotional memory (i.e., memory for emotional stimuli). The sample included a young Ful...

The present experiments demonstrate the existence of sex differences in the rate of development and the magnitude of age-dependent impairments in cognitive and sensorimotor abilities. Although no sex differences were found in spatial reference memory at a young age, the mnemonic ability of female rats deteriorated more rapidly than that of male rats. A major drop in reference memory of the fema...

Anatomical and neurochemical results suggest that the cortico- and amygdalopetal cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) may receive GABAergic inputs. The present experiments were undertaken to evaluate the possible influence of intra-NBM injections of the GABAA agonist, muscimol, on memory. In two experiments, rats were chronically implanted with guide cannulae placed ...

The effects of intradentate colchicine injections on the performance of tasks requiring spatial working and reference memory are controversial. Multiple-site colchicine injections (7 microg/microl; via a drawn micropipette) throughout the dentate gyrus (DG) of rats (nine sites in each hemisphere, 0.06 microl at each site) selectively destroy about 90% of the DG granule cells, as revealed by qua...

The ever increasing complexity of embedded systems demands for rising memory size, and larger memories increase the power drain. In this work, we exploit banked memories with independent lowleakage retention mode in event-driven applications. The resulting energy saving for a given number of banks is close to the maximum achievable value, since the memory banks access pattern of event-driven ap...

Using a three-panel runway task, the influence of dorsal hippocampal lesions on working and reference memory in rats was investigated. Despite 20 postoperative training sessions, rats with hippocampal lesions were unable to perform the working memory task. In the acquisition process of the reference memory task, however, there was no significant difference between hippocampal- and sham-lesioned...