The traditional architecture is the achievement of mankind experiences in different geographical/cultural and social domains. The traditional architecture of Iran as a valuable outcome is one of the live and spirited instances of the history of human life that through pondering and research and close relationship with its natural, historical and human environment would be obtained. The repea...

An overview of the brief history and structure of the generalised enterprise reference architecture and methodology (GERAM) is given together with the discussion of its role to systematise the activities of the disciplines that contribute to enterprise integration, and its use as a shopping list of capabilities, or components that individual enterprises need for small and large scale programmes...

The growing complexity and size of systems and the organizations that create these systems trigger the need for instruments that facilitate the creation of these systems. We shortly analyze these trends and the (potential) role of reference architectures as facilitating means. After a short discussion about the content of Reference Architectures and their relation with system architectures, sys...

Nowadays, a lot of research involves in the area of e-learning with service-oriented architecture. In e-learning systems, the challenges are increase of the complexity and more interoperability between systems in distributed environment. The lacking is reference architecture in which by reusing web services, reusing learning objects and semantics, ontology, etc. A service-oriented reference arc...

The project “Reference Architecture for Secure Smart Grids Austria” (RASSA) is developing a foundation for secure, interoperable architecture components dedicated for future smart grids in Austria. A key feature of this blueprint is its tool supported model driven design approach, enabling users to estimate the risk of components introduced into the models as a decision base for a deeper threat...

While software architectures are an effective means for capturing stakeholder requirements and prescribing software system structure, the derivation of software architectures starting from requirements elicitations is a significant challenge. Specific challenges include (i) interpreting, modeling, and synthesizing requirements from a variety of stakeholders; (ii) transforming domain models into...

The slow adoption of agent-oriented methodologies as a paradigm for developing industry systems is due in part to their lack of integration and generalpurpose use. There exists a need to define common patterns, relationships between components, and structural qualities that a reference architecture for agentbased systems would solve. However, there is little, if any, consensus on how to create ...

The result of a domain maturing is the emergence of reference architectures that offer numerous advantages to software architects and other stakeholders. However there is no straightforward way to describe a reference architecture and in sequence to design instances for specific systems, while at the same time assuring the quality of the end product. This paper presents an approach of describin...

theory is a base for all scientific disciplines. theorizing is an important branch in architecture too. there are a little reference that tries to define theory and show the differences between theory in architecture and theory in other disciplines. this article aimed to show the characteristics of architectural theory. at first we try to review different books and articles which are written on...