نتایج جستجو برای: reducing expected rate of inflation
تعداد نتایج: 21214016 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The construction industry in the housing sector plays an important role in economic growth due to its significant share in GDP compared to other sectors. One of the most important factors hindering the increase of private sector investment in the construction industry is the faltering of trust. Meanwhile, exchange rate uncertainty and inflation have the most negative impact on the investment of...
The main goal of this research is studying the causative & effect of deficit budget, money offering and inflation rate in Iran during 1360-1390. The results in long time indicates that the bulk of money has had positive effect & meaning on inflation rate during that time and alteration of budget deficit of the government has also positive effect on inflation but by meaningless impress, in other...
During the long economic slump in Japan, monetary policy in Japan has essentially consisted of a very low interest rate (since 1995), a zero interest rate (since 1999), and quantitative easing (since 2001). The intention seems to have been to lower expectations of future interest rates. But the problem in a liquidity trap (when the zero lower bound on the central bank's instrument rate is stric...
We prove the existence of stationary monetary equilibrium with inflation in a ‘‘Bewley’’ model with constant aggregate real variables but with idiosyncratic shocks to the endowments of a continuum of individual agents, when a central bank stands ready to borrow or lend fiat money at a fixed nominal rate of interest and the agents face borrowing constraints. We also find that, in the presence of...
Recent years have witnessed very high and volatile interest rates. This has stirred a debate among analysts as to whether observed interest rates are high by historical standards. Some analysts, focusing on the before-tax real rate, argue that if the observed nominal interest rate is corrected for the effect of expected (or actual) inflation, the ex ante (or ex post) real rate has been very hig...
This essay distills the differences between zero inflation proponents and critics to three main questions: Can the central bank make a credible commitment to maintaining a stable price level? Should monetary policy be used to reduce the tax on capital income? And would reducing uncertainty about inflation produce significant social benefits? Proponents of zero inflation answer all three questio...
This paper estimates reduced-form Phillips curves for Brazil with a framework of time series with unobserved components, in the spirit of Harvey (2011). However, we allow for expectations to play a key role using data from the Central Bank of Brazil’s Focus survey. Besides GDP, we also use industrial capacity utilization rate and IBC-Br index, as measures of economic activity. Our findings supp...
while performance-based language assessment has led to an increased authenticity and content validity in the practice of writing assessment, the reliability of ratings has become a major issue. research findings have shown different reactions by native english speaker (nes) and non-native english speaker (nns) teachers to students’ writings. the focus of this study is on investigating whether i...
iran’s economy is recognizes as a high inflationary country (for near almost all years after islamic revelation) which is suffered to external shocks such as external conflict interactions (for example war and sanctions) and oil price shocks. therefore, analysis and estimation of money demand in iran should consider above issues in order to have efficient money supply policy. this paper, ...
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