Game species like the red deer have been subjected to anthropogenic impacts for centuries. Translocations are often carried out-sometimes illegally-not only for sporting purposes, but also to increase trophy quality, reduce inbreeding, or mitigate bottlenecks after excessive persecution. Apart from the blurring of large-scale genetic structure, translocations without adequate quarantine measure...

background: inbreeding is one of the major problems of small size herds of red deer in refuge wildlife parks. objectives: the aim of the present study was to use estrus synchronization technique in red deer (cervus elaphus) based on natural mating to control the dominancy and social rank of stags and inbreeding. methods: in this study, hinds (n=6) were captured and caged at breeding season (ear...

Deer are acknowledged as hosts of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of bTB in the United Kingdom. This study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of bTB in samples...

Spermatogenesis is a costly process that is expected to be under selection to maximise sperm quantity and quality. Testis size is often regarded as a proxy measure of sperm investment, implicitly overlooking the quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis. An enhanced understanding of testicular function, beyond testis size, may reveal further sexual traits involved in sperm quantity and quality...

The diversity of Babesia species infecting cervids in parts of central and southern Spain was analyzed by collecting blood from farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). Babesia sp. was isolated in vitro from two red deer herds in Cádiz and Ciudad Real. The number of Babesia sp. carriers differed between the two herds: 36/77 in Cádiz and 1/35 in Ciudad Real. Hyalomma lusitanicum was the most prevalent ...

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis or M. caprae has recently (re-) emerged in livestock and wildlife in all countries bordering Switzerland (CH) and the Principality of Liechtenstein (FL). Comprehensive data for Swiss and Liechtenstein wildlife are not available so far, although two native species, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus), act as bTB res...

Outdoor recreation has the potential to impact spatial and temporal distribution of animals. We explore interactions between red deer Cervus elaphus hikers along a popular hiking path in Scottish Highlands. placed camera traps transects at different distances (25, 75 150 m) from study whether distance hiker activity influences number detected. compared this with detection an additional, spatial...

The hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) is of great conservation concern because it represents the easternmost and only hope for an Asiatic survivor of the red deer species in the Indian subcontinent. Despite the rigorous conservation efforts of the Department of Wildlife Protection in Jammu & Kashmir, the hangul population has experienced a severe decline in numbers and range contraction in the pas...

spiculopteragia asymmetrica is a gastrointestinal nematode frequently found in the abomasum of cervids. during december and february 2010, two red deer were died in semeskandeh sanctuary in mazandaran province. moreover, five live deer from mentioned area were treated by ivermectin and collected feces of these animals were used for assessment helminthes infection by parasitological methods. sev...

In animals that are kept in temperate latitudes and that are seasonal in their breeding activity, nutritional and photoperiodic signals operate in harmony to time the activation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator in the brain and trigger puberty. These signals ensure that within the constraints imposed by the circannual changes in the environment, body size and time o...