Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea leads to a potentially blinding condition termed herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). Clinical studies have indicated that disease is primarily associated with recurrent HSK following reactivation of a latent viral infection of the trigeminal ganglia. One of the key factors that limit inflammation of the cornea is the expression of Fas ligand ...

Neuropharmacologic agents able to disrupt normal virus-neuron interactions may provide an alternative strategy for the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. We have previously shown that prophylactic treatment with capsaicin, a natural compound that alters function in sensory neurons, can protect guinea pigs against cutaneous HSV disease, even though the compound has no direct ant...

ABO blood group and secretor state was determined in 319 women with recurrent urinary tract infection and compared with those of a control group of 334 women of similar age ranges. Women of blood groups B and AB who are non-secretors of blood group substances showed a significant relative risk of recurrent urinary tract infection of 3.12 (95% confidence limits, 1.49 and 6.52) in comparison with...

A hallmark of the herpes family of viruses is their ability to cause recurrent disease. Upon primary infection, Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) establishes a latent infection in sensory neurons that persists for the life of the individual. Reactivation of these latent viral genomes with virion formation is the source of virus for most HSV recurrent disease. This review details recent exciting findin...

UNLABELLED Clostridium difficile infection is one of the most common health care-associated infections, and up to 40% of patients suffer from recurrence of disease following standard antibiotic therapy. Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been successfully used to treat recurrent C. difficile infection. It is hypothesized that FMT aids in recovery of a microbiota capable of col...

Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a photosensitivity disorder characterized by recurrent necrotic vesiculopapules on sun-exposed areas, which heal spontaneously during adolescence. Recently, an association has been reported between latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and atypical HV-like eruption and malignant potential. However, latent EBV infection has also been reported in the setting of typ...

Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with liver failure secondary to chronic hepatitis B. However, liver transplantation is complicated by the risk of recurrent hepatitis B virus infection, which significantly impairs graft and patient survival. The main risk factor for the development of recurrent hepatitis B virus infection is the virus load at the time of transplanta...

The prevalence of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection has been steadily increasing since 2000. Consequently, alternative treatments to the standard antibiotic therapies are now being considered. One alternative treatment is fecal microbiota transplant. Although fecal microbiota transplant is relatively new--and not appealing to most people--it has been around for many years ...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND The main purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the frequency of HPV infection in patients with residual or recurrent CIN. METHODS 797 consecutive patients with CIN, treated with conization, were included. In 38 patients with residual or recurrent CIN in whom reconization was performed, infection with high-risk HPV types was analyzed. RESULTS Reconization was...

The protective efficacy of a glycoprotein D subunit vaccine (gD2 SB AS4) was evaluated in a mouse model of human recurrent herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). When administered before primary infection, gD2 SB AS4 protected mice against corneal pathology, mortality, and latency resulting from ocular viral challenge with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) McKrae strain. In addition, gD2 SB AS4 si...