OBJECTIVES Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for high-grade migrated disc herniation has been regarded as a challenging task, but because of the remarkable improvement in navigable instruments and advanced epiduroscopic technique, it can be used for the treatment of high- or very high-grade migrated disc herniation. The purpose of this study was to describe in deta...

background: ninety percent of all people sometimes during their lives experience low back pain, and 30-40% develops radicular leg pain with the sciatica characteristics. although for clinical diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation (ldh) straight leg raising (slr) test in 85-90% of cases indicates ldh, but in our practice with ldh patients this test is frequently negative despite radicular leg pain...

The intervertebral disc is a critical part of the intersegmental soft tissue of the spinal column, providing flexibility and mobility, while absorbing large complex loads. Spinal disease, including disc herniation and degeneration, may be a significant contributor to low back pain. Clinically, disc herniations are treated with both nonoperative and operative methods. Operative treatment for dis...

STUDY DESIGN An analysis and differential diagnosis of bony alterations in the lower lumbar vertebrae of a Homo erectus boy skeleton. OBJECTIVE To analyze low back problems during early human evolution. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Back problems in modern humans are often attributed to our upright, bipedal locomotion that is thought to place huge mechanical stresses on the vertebral column. H...

The association of the activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand with lumbar disc hermiation. Purpose: Herniated nucleus pulposus fragments are recognized by the immune system as a foreign-body, which results in an autoimmune reaction. Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathoge...

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study PURPOSE This study examined the reliability of the MRI findings in detecting symptomatic extraforaminal disc herniation in the lumbar spine. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE There are no reports of the characteristics and reliable MRI findings of extraforaminal disc herniation. METHODS Thirty age-and gender-matched asymptomatic volunteers and 30 patients with symp...

Background & Aim: Low back pain is the most debilitating condition, and can lead to decreased physical function, compromised quality of life, and psychological distress. Several studies have been conducted to recognize the risk factors of low back pain, but despite of strong relationship between obesity and low back pain, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study wa...