Distention of the proximal colon may have inhibitory or excitatory effects on the rectum and vice versa. The reflexes between the proximal colon and the rectum have not been well studied due to difficulties in accessing the proximal colon. The aim of this study was to investigate the reflex responses and their mechanisms between the proximal colon and the rectum in consideration of distention-r...

Background Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract are increasingly being evaluated by prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is a paucity of reports describing the normal quantitative development of the fetal colon and rectum on MRI. Purpose To provide growth curves of the MRI estimated diameter of the fetal colon and rectum as a function of gestational age....

PURPOSE Although successful treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the rectum using chemoradiation therapy (CRT) has been reported, a standard protocol has yet to be established. The aim is to ascertain the effectiveness of CRT with S-1 for three patients with SCC of the rectum. CASE PRESENTATION We treated three female patients complaining of rectal bleeding. The patients were diagnos...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the presence of uterorectal adhesions demonstrated by transvaginal sonography (TVS) could aid as a simple sonographic predictor for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of the rectum in patients with symptoms suggestive of endometriosis. METHODS This was a prospective multicenter study of women scheduled for laparoscopy because of symptoms suggestive of endometr...

Cobalt-60 (Co-60) is a relatively new source for the application of high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Radiation dose to the rectum is often a limiting factor in achieving the full prescribed dose to the target during brachytherapy of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to measure radiation doses to the rectum in-vivo during HDR Co-60 brachytherapy. A total of eleven HDR brachytherapy t...

Aim: To compare the high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatment planning using standard orthogonal radiography and computerized tomography (CT) for carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Forty applications with orthogonal planning using the Brachy Vision treatment planning system version 7.3.10 were performed. Orthogonal and CT based planning in these applications were compared; the doses to point ...

Control mechanism of smooth muscle movement of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) by enteric and extrinsic neuvous systems in the dog was investigated. Responses of IAS muscle strips to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and neurotransmitter agents were recorded in vitro. The contraction response to norepinephrine or to EFS was inhibited by phentolamine. The relaxation induced by EFS was not aff...

Teleosts living in seawater continually absorb water across the intestine to compensate for branchial water loss to the environment. The present study reveals that the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) rectum plays a comparable role to the posterior intestine in ion and water absorption. However, the posterior intestine appears to rely more on SLC26a6 (a HCO3 (-)/Cl(-) antiporter) and the rectum app...

Bacterial diversity of the mucosal biopsies from human jejunum, distal ileum, ascending colon and rectum were compared by analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA clone libraries. A total of 347 clones from the mucosal biopsies were partially sequenced and assigned to six phylogenetic phyla of the domain Bacteria: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobac...

Sir, Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been reported all along the alimentary tract, including the tongue, oesophagus, small intestine, biliary tract, gall bladder, colon, and rectum, the most common site being in Meckel’s diverticulum. In addition, heterotopic gastric mucosa has been described in the mediastinum, face, spinal cord, and umbilicus. However, heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum ...