The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis involves a complex interplay between dozens of proteins and lipids, and is also dependent on the shape and size of mitochondria. The use of cellular models in past studies has not been ideal for investigating how the complex multi-factor interplay regulates the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Isolated systems h...

Normal cellular lifespan is contingent upon preserving outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) integrity, as permeabilization promotes apoptosis. BCL-2 family proteins control mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by regulating the activation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 effector molecules, BAX and BAK. Sustainable cellular stress induces proteins (e.g., BID, BIM, and cytosolic p53) cap...

the influenza a virus is of global concern for the poultry industry, especially the h5 subtype as it has the potential to become highly pathogenic for poultry and mankind. recently, plant expression systems have gained interest as an alternative for the production of vaccine antigens. the goal of the present study was to investigate the possibility of expressing the ha1 protein in nicotiana tab...

background: the advent of recombinant dna technology has facilitated heterologous expression of proteins from various sources in different host systems including escherichia coli. if a plant virus coat protein is expressed in the bacterium it can be used as the antigen for antibody preparation. such a recombinant antigen preparation can be particularly useful where equipment such as ultracentri...

Objective(s): Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most effective proteins in angiogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation and wound healing. These abilities are therapeutic potential of VEGF in diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and other tissue damage circumstances. In this study, recombinant VEGF was produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) system and then biol...

Objective(s): Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are one of the primary causes of diarrhea in newborn calves and in humans, pigs, and sheep. IgY technology has been identified as a promising alternative to generating a mass amount of specific antibody for use in immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. The purpose of this study was to produce specific antibody by egg yolk antibody (IgY...

The Chlamydiae constitute an evolutionary well separated group of intracellular bacteria comprising important pathogens of humans as well as symbionts of protozoa. The amoeba symbiont Protochlamydia amoebophila lacks a homologue of the most abundant outer membrane protein of the Chlamydiaceae, the major outer membrane protein MOMP, highlighting a major difference between environmental chlamydia...

Homeobox genes encode transcription factors which play important roles in the developmental processes of many multicellular organisms. TGIFLX/Y (TGIFLX and TGIFLY) are members of the homeobox superfamily of genes. Their expressions are specifically detected in the human adult testis but their functions are remained to be investigated. In this investigation we cloned full length of TGIFLY cDNA a...