BACKGROUND Zhongshan City of Guangdong Province (China) is a key provincial and national level area for dengue fever prevention and control. The aim of this study is to analyze how the direct hospitalization costs and the length of stay of dengue hospitalization cases vary according to associated factors such as the demographics, virus types and hospital accreditation. METHOD This study is ba...

In Western societies, the impact of air pollution on residents' health is higher in less wealthy communities. However, it is not clear whether such an interaction effect applies to developing countries. The authors examine how the level of community development modifies the impact of air pollution on health outcomes of the Chinese elderly using data from the third wave of the Chinese Longitudin...

BACKGROUND Little has been reported on costs of cancer registration, and standard indicators have not yet been identified. This study investigated costs and outcomes of a sample of 18 European registries covering a population of 58.8 million inhabitants. METHODS Through a questionnaire, we asked registries for real cost data including personnel, information technology (IT), and infrastructure...

Introduction Innovations in medical care have led to improvements in quality and quantity of life. Researchers estimated that improvements in medical care contributed to the life expectancy for newborns increasing by almost seven years from 1960 to 2000. However, U.S. health spending reached an estimated 2.7 trillion dollars in 2010 and the health share of the gross domestic product is projecte...

Gauging economic conditions in real time is challenging, in part because economic data are difficult to measure and subject to subsequent revision as more information becomes available. This article investigates the pattern and size of revisions to real gross domestic product (GDP) over the past decade or so. Revisions to early estimates of GDP can be large and, over the past 15 years, have ten...

This study is unique as it considers industry value added as a possible source of economic growth in addition to export and import. The key research questions of this study are: to what extent trade and industry value added contribute to the economic growth of Bangladesh? Are there any causal and long run relationships among export, import, industry value added and gross domestic product in Ban...

Introduction Until recent years a country’s aggregate output, or gross domestic product (GDP), was used almost exclusively as the primary measure of economic development. Both comparative (i.e. between countries) and over time, growth in GDP per capita was commonly used to describe changes in well-being. Recognizing the inadequacy of this measure of well-being , the United Nations began to devi...

Over the last decade macroeconomic studies have established a clear link between student achievement on science and math tests and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth, supporting the widely held belief that science, technology, engineering, and math(STEM) education are important factors in the production of economic prosperity. We critique studies that use science and math tests to p...

Transport accounted for around 23% of carbon emissions in 2013, which cannot be ignored in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. With levels of urbanization and motorization increasing rapidly worldwide, carbon emitted in the transport sector, especially passenger traffic, is projected to keep growing. Without the implementation of aggressive and sustained policy interven...

Child burn mortality differs widely between regions and is closely related to material deprivation, but reports on their global distribution are few. Investigating their country level distribution in light of economic level and income inequality will help assess the potential for macro-level improvements. We extracted data for child burn mortality from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 an...