Over the past decade, the field of literacy education has seen a major shift in fluency’s role in the literacy curriculum, moving from a rarely encountered instructional component to one that is often responsible for driving major instructional decisions (e.g., Riedel, 2007; Schilling, Carlisle, Scott, & Zeng, 2007). This shift is due, in part, to the identification of fluency as one of the are...

This paper presents a theory of visual stress. The theory is applied to the assessment of symptoms of visual stress and its subsequent treatment with coloured filters. The theory has implications for standard reading assessments that relate both to the visual skills and the age of the children taking the tests. These implications are reviewed, with the conclusion that insufficient attention is ...

Abstract Assessment is an inseparable part of teaching and learning, it helps teachers students to modify their learning processes. One type assessment peer (PA), its effects were examined on developing Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension (RC), motivation (RM) vocabulary (VL) in this research. To achieve goal, 60 at the intermediate level with age range 18 26 years selected based a conv...

When a child learns to read, the learning process can be enhanced by significant reading practice with individual support from a tutor. But in reality, the availability of teachers or clinicians is limited, so the additional use of a fully automated reading tutor would be beneficial for the child. This paper discusses our efforts to develop an automated reading tutor for Dutch. First, the dedic...

Unlike research in reading which focuses on data from individuals reading independently, this study identified second language (L2) college students’ reading processes that occurred within dyadic peer interactions during shadow-reading, a collaborative procedure based on repetition and summarizing. Also, written retellings (immediate and delayed) were collected to assess the impact of shadow-re...

There is a lack of direct evidence on the effectiveness of double reading of breast screening mammograms within the context of national screening programmes even though about half of the countries that use mammography screening have implemented double reading. A systematic review was conducted to compare double reading with single reading of mammograms for screening accuracy, patient outcomes a...

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international program assessment to evaluate and determine the education system's effectiveness by focusing on reading, mathematics, science. This study aims analyze differences between PISA reading literacy senior high school in West Sumatera. Reading abilities skills needed everyday life develop students' knowledge potential. metho...

BACKGROUND Caregivers' oral health literacy (OHL) assessment results have been found to be related to their children's oral health status. A further aspect of this relationship may be the role of caregivers' reading habits. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to describe the relationship between caregivers' multimodal (digital and print) and multilingual (English and Chinese) reading habits, their OHL, an...

The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative methods for evaluating deaf students' readiness to meet the English language and literacy demands of postsecondary educational programs. In the first part of the study, scores obtained by a large sample of deaf students on the ACT Assessment (ACT Composite score and scores on the ACT English and Reading tests) were compared to their score...