To override the diffusion-limited adsorption step of viral infection, we magnetically synchronized cell attachment. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based lentivirus preparations were rendered magnetically reactive by association with magnetite nanoparticles, 50 nm in diameter. Application of a magnetic field resulted in immediate redistribution of the viral inoculum to the cell-associated s...

An explicit formula is presented for the effectiveness factor of a catalyst particle in the form of a hollow cylinder taking into account the reactant diffusion in the fluid phase of the cylindrical core and diffusion and reaction in the outer reactive annulus. The proper normalization to be used in the definition of the generalized Thiele modulus as well as the aspect ratios that lead to the h...

BACKGROUND In geochemically perturbed systems where porewater and mineral assemblages are unequilibrated the processes of mineral precipitation and dissolution may change important transport properties such as porosity and pore diffusion coefficients. These reactions might alter the sealing capabilities of the rock by complete pore-scale precipitation (cementation) of the system or by opening n...

A utoregulation and Hyperemia of Cerebral Blood Flow as Evaluated by Thermal Diffusion • A thermal diffusion flow probe gave a quantitative dynamic recording of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during bleeding and transfusion in experimental animals. Autoregulation was readily demonstrated in nine of 12 animals and was found only with gradual hypotension. After autoregulation was lost, no increase in ...

We compute the front speeds of the Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piskunov (KPP) reactive fronts in two prototypes of periodic incompressible flows (the cellular flows and the cat’s eye flows). The computation is based on adaptive streamline diffusion methods for the advection-diffusion type principal eigenvalue problem associated with the KPP front speeds. In the large amplitude regime, internal layers ...

Turbulent flows with chemical reactions can be seen in various fields. Therefore, it is important to establish numerical methods to predict turbulent reactive flows. Reynolds-averaged approach is often used for predictions of reactive flows. In this approach, Reynolds-averaged scalar transport equations are solved by using models for a turbulent mass flux and an averaged production rate ...

This work is concerned with conditional averaging methods which can be used for modeling of transport in porous media with volume reactions in the fluid phase and surface reactions at the fluid/solid interface. The model under consideration takes into account convection, diffusion within the pores and on larger scales, and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Near the interface with fractal...

A diffuse-interface model of reactive wetting with intermetallic formation is presented. The model incorporates fluid flow, solute diffusion, and phase change that are based on the total molar Gibbs energy of a ternary system with four phases. Numerical simulations were performed successfully revealing the complex behavior of the reactive wetting process that include nucleation and growth of an...

Structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) techniques can provide accurate and costeffective solutions to realistic scientific and engineering simulations modeling complex physical phenomena. However, the adaptive nature and inherent space–time heterogeneity of SAMR applications result in significant runtime management challenges. Moreover, certain SAMR applications involving reactive flows exh...