Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent viremia in most patients, but it remains unclear how free virus may survive the potential hostile effects of plasma. We investigated whether sites might exist on the surfaces of circulating blood cells for protection of infectious HIV-1 particles. Red blood cells (RBC) either from blood of uninfected normal individuals, or from blood obtaine...

Size-resolved observations of aerosol particles and cloud droplet residuals were studied at a marine boundary layer site (251 m a.m.s.l.) in La Jolla, San Diego, California, during 2012. A counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) was used as the inlet to sample cloud residuals while a total inlet was used to sample both cloud residuals and interstitial particles. Two cloud events totaling 10 h of in-...

Increased adhesive forces between sickle erythrocytes and endothelial cells (EC) have been hypothesized to play a role in the initiation of vasoocclusion in sickle cell anemia. Erythrocyte/human umbilical vein EC interactions were studied under controlled flow conditions for normal (AA), homozygous sickle cell (SS), sickle cell trait (AS), mechanically injured normal, and "high-reticulocyte con...

The abnormal shape and poor deformability of the sickled erythrocyte (RBC) have generally been held responsible for the microvascular occlusions of sickle cell disease. However, there is no correlation between the clinical severity of this disease and the presence of sickled RBC. In searching for additional factors that might contribute to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, we have inv...

BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBC) possess a nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) whose activation depends on the PI3-kinase/Akt kinase pathway. RBC-NOS-produced NO exhibits important biological functions like maintaining RBC deformability. Until now, the cellular target structure for NO, to exert its influence on RBC deformability, remains unknown. In the present study we analyzed the modification of...

Background: Alterations of systemic metabolic parameters are always present vitamins in cancer in addition radiotherapy may increases and complicates these disorders. The analysis of each biochemical metabolic alterations may give more understanding to biochemistry of malignancy   and improving the degree of radiotherapy. The current study aimed to follow up the changes of folate, vitamin B12 a...

As with most other vitamins, the assessment of biological stores and intake is based on the concentration in body fluids. Studies of folate status have traditionally used serum/plasma or red blood cell folate. Both assays are widely available in laboratories. Red cell folate, favoured by many clinicians, is the more labour intensive test and therefore more costly than serum folate. Turnaround t...

BACKGROUND Duarte galactosemia (DG) is frequently detected in newborn-screening programs. DG patients do not manifest the symptoms of classic galactosemia, but whether they require dietary galactose restriction is controversial. We sought to assess the relationships of selected galactose metabolites (plasma galactose, plasma galactitol, erythrocyte (RBC) galactitol, RBC galactonate, and urine g...

Sensitivity to rubella virus hemagglutination differs considerably with newborn as opposed to adult erythrocytes (RBC) in several animal species. In humans, cord RBC are 16 times more sensitive to hemagglutination, whereas hemagglutination titers with newborn RBC are 6 to 16 times higher in chickens, mice, and rabbits. This higher sensitivity is, however, short-lived, and adult RBC values are o...

The syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 1 is a recognized complication of acute hemolytic episodes in both man (1-3) and laboratory animals (4, 5) and has been induced experimentally in monkeys and dogs by infusion of autologous red blood cell stroma (6, 7). The mechanism of stromainduced D I C may be analogous to the demonstrable procoagulant activity of red cell membrane ...