The method presented in this paper aims to reduce the overall radiation exposure from X-ray CT scans when only the reconstruction of a region of interest is required. To achieve this goal, the Searchlight CT algorithm restricts the acquisition to X-rays passing mainly through the region of interest. The algorithm uses an iteration of the X-ray transform and of a regularized inverse, which conve...

Water-soluble and biocompatible D-glucuronic acid coated Na2WO4 and BaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time to be used as x-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents. Their average particle diameters were 3.2 ± 0.1 and 2.8 ± 0.1 nm for D-glucuronic acid coated Na2WO4 and BaCO3 nanoparticles, respectively. All the nanoparticles exhibited a strong x-ray attenuation. In vivo CT ...

Two mainland Japanese males were examined with a computer tomography (CT) X-ray scanner to reconstruct three-dimensional CT simulation images of their cranial anatomy and to check for the presence/absence of 23 nonmetric cranial traits. Surface anatomy for scoring 19 nonmetric cranial variations was clearly observed among the 23 variations. Evaluation of the four other traits might have been di...

a 50-year-old male underwent a check-up for an insurance company. chest x-ray revealed a large ball-like lesion in the posterior mediastinum. the finding was confirmed by computed tomography (ct) scan (figure 1). the patient was referred to our center, where he had a successful mass removal surgery (figure 2). pathology identified the mass as neurinoma.

Chest X-ray ( fig. 1 a, arrows) and a contrast-enhanced CT scan ( fig. 1 b) demonstrated a well-defined, homogeneous, pleural soft-tissue mass close to the right diaphragm. It was slightly enhanced, similar to that of a normal liver without any anatomic connection with subpleural, normal liver. A diagnostic CT-guided transthoracic A 65-year-old female who had never smoked presented with an abno...

Model-based image reconstruction (MBIR) methods for X-ray CT reconstruction can improve image quality and reduce patient X-ray dose. These methods produce images by solving high-dimensional, statistically motivated numerical optimization problems, but unfortunately the high computational costs of solving these problems have kept MBIR algorithms from reaching ubiquity in the clinic. In this pape...

PURPOSE Photon counting spectral breast CT is feasible in part due to using an adaptive filter. An adaptive filter provides flat x-ray intensity profile and constant x-ray energy spectrum across detector surface, decreases required detector count rate, and eliminates beam hardening artifacts. However, the altered x-ray exposure profiles at the breast and detector surface may influence the distr...

BACKGROUND Micro computed tomography (micro CT) has been shown to provide exceptionally high quality imaging of the fine structural detail within urinary calculi. We tested the idea that micro CT might also be used to identify the mineral composition of urinary stones non-destructively. METHODS Micro CT x-ray attenuation values were measured for mineral that was positively identified by infra...

Infants delivered prematurely often have respiratory distress related to surfactant deficiency or pneumonia. The current case describes a premature neonate who presented with increased work of breathing and recurrent left pneumothorax. Although chest x-ray showed left upper lobe changes consistent with pulmonary interstitial emphysema, subsequent CT scan performed due to recurrent pneumothorace...

The energy spectrum of X-ray photons after passage through an absorber contains information about its elemental composition. Thus, tissue characterisation becomes feasible provided that absorption characteristics can be measured or differentiated. Dual-energy CT uses two X-ray spectra enabling material differentiation by analysing material-dependent photo-electric and Compton effects. Elemental...