In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique that can be applied to electrochemical systems, with the ability to elucidate the chemical nature of electrocatalysts under reaction conditions. In this study, we perform in situ XAS measurements on a bifunctional manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst with high electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the ...

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India designed and developed a telecobalt unit, which was named as Bhabhatron-II. In this paper, the results pertaining to radiation safety of indigenously developed Bhabhatron-II telecobalt unit are reported. The various tests were carried out as per requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission standard and acceptance criteria developed natio...

The present work addresses the interaction between Si and ZrO which may occur during the nitridation stage of silicon and can affect t8e final reaction products. Using the thermoanalytical methods combined with Xray diffractometry it has been shown that the Si, parallel to the nitride formation, disproportionates in the presence of Zr02 forming ZrSi04 and ZrSi2-x according to 2Zr02 + (3-x)Si > ...

The purpose of this study was to compare dose measurements using ion chamber and radiochromic film dosimetry for a 35-keV synchrotron beam useful for Auger electron therapy. A 1.3-GeV electron beam, transported through a 3-pole superconducting wiggler magnet, produced a polychromatic photon beam from which a 35-keV beam (3.3 mm Al HVL) was selected using a monochromator. A 2.8 cm x 2.5 cm field...

Cesium iodide (CsI) melt was injected into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template and was solidified to CsI column. The controllable AAO channel size (10~500 nm) can makes CsI column size from 10 to 500 nm in diameter. In order to have a shorter light irradiate from each singe CsI column top to bottom the AAO template was coated a TiO2 nano-film. The TiO2 film acts a refraction film and makes X-r...

The visible absorption spectra of Kodak X-Omat V film, which had been exposed to various doses of radiation, have been investigated to analyse the dosimetry characteristics of the film with various densitometers. Common densitometers can use fluorescent light (broad band visible), helium-neon (632 nm) or other spectra of specific bandwidth. The visible absorption spectra show a slight peak in a...

We describe x-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements of annealed MnPt and NiMn spin valves as a function of MnPt ~NiMn! film thickness. Thin films (&5 – 10 nm) are not chemically ordered and hence not antiferromagnetic, which explains the lack of exchange coupling in these films. With increasing thickness, the L10 chemical order develops ~through coexistence between fcc and L10 phases! and t...

A streamlined protocol is described that allows high sensitivity antigen detection by Western blotting in a single day. The choice of membrane blotting matrix, as well as blocking reagents, has been optimized in order to allow rapid development of the blot with chemiluminescent reagents. The entire process, from gel to blot to a permanent, hard copy image on x-ray film, can be accomplished with...

Twelve years ago, under the auspices of the United States Children's Bureau, Dr. Martha Eliot undertook the prevention of rickets in a district of New Haven, Connecticut, numbering 12,000 inhabitants. At once it became necessary to have more accurate knowledge than was available concerning the criteria for the diagnosis of early rickets in the x-ray films. Accordingly comparative x-ray and hist...

Special radiographic examination(RT) techniques for the common and special welded joints in pressure equipment are outlined, covering the tube-to-tube sheet joints of heat exchangers and the nozzle and branch joints of various vessels for which the examination procedures are more difficult. The characteristics and attention matters of mega-voltage radiography and the main points and difficultie...