This paper focuses on the uneasy alliance of rational choice and evolutionary explanations in modern economics. While direct evolutionary explanations of “optimality” rule out "purposeful" rational choice by assuming zerointelligence and pure rational choice explanations leave no room for "selective" adaptation the indirect evolutionary approach integrates both perspectives. Subsequently we go ...

In the framework of adelic approach we consider real and p-adic properties of dynamical system given by linear fractional map f(x) = (ax + b)/(cx + d), where a, b, c, and d are rational numbers. In particular, we investigate behavior of this adelic dynamical system when fixed points are rational. It is shown that any of rational fixed points is p-adic indifferent for all but a finite set of pri...

The literature views aggressive trading behavior as the key for representativeness heuristic traders to survive in competition with rational traders. This paper provides another reason. That is, in this dynamic model of a competitive securities market, representativeness heuristic traders can derive more expected profit from the misvaluations (created by noise traders) than can rational traders...

This paper develops a reputation strategic model of monetary policy with a continuous finite or infinite time horizon. By using the optimal stopping theory and introducing the notions of sequentially weak and strong rational expectation equilibria, we show that the time inconsistency problem may be solved with trigger reputation strategies not only for stochastic but also for non-stochastic set...

Decision theory is the analysis of the behavior of an individual facing nonstrategic uncertainty—that is, uncertainty that is due to what we term “Nature” (a stochastic natural event such as a coin flip, seasonal crop loss, personal illness, and the like) or, if other individuals are involved, their behavior is treated as a statistical distribution known to the decision maker. Decision theory d...

Decision theory is the analysis of the behavior of an individual facing nonstrategic uncertainty—that is, uncertainty that is due to what we term “Nature” (a stochastic natural event such as a coin flip, seasonal crop loss, personal illness, and the like) or, if other individuals are involved, their behavior is treated as a statistical distribution known to the decision maker. Decision theory d...

Our aim is to study the set of K-rational expressions describing rational series. More precisely we are concerned with the definition of quotients of this set by coarser and coarser congruences which lead to an extension – in the case of multiplicities – of some classical results stated in the Boolean case. In particular, multiplicity analogues of the well known theorems of Brzozowski and Antim...

We utilize recent results of André and Gabber on the existence weakly functorial, integral perfectoid big Cohen–Macaulay (BCM) algebras to study singularities local rings in mixed characteristic. In particular, we introduce a characteristic BCM-variant rational/F-rational singularities, log terminal/F-regular multiplier/test ideals divisor pairs. prove number about these objects including restr...

We study the qualitative behavior of the positive solutions of a second-order rational fuzzy difference equationwith initial conditions being positive fuzzy numbers, and parameters are positive fuzzy numbers. More precisely, we investigate existence of positive solutions, boundedness and persistence, and stability analysis of a second-order fuzzy rational difference equation. Some numerical exa...

§ o. Some terminology and notation . 196 198 I. Applications to the birational theory of surfaces · . . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . . . 199 § I. Birational behavior of rational singularities . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 § 2. Resolution of singularities by quadratic transformations and normalization (method of Zariski) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...