Thomas L. Reinsfelder is a Reference/Instruction Librarian at Penn State Mont Alto; e-mail: tlr15@psu. edu. © 2012 Thomas L. Reinsfelder, Attribution-NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/3.0/) CC BY-NC This study sought to determine the degree to which individual research consultations with a librarian can improve the work of undergraduate students. Citation analysis was...

The assessment of perceived quality and experienced affect of users towards different audio and speech quality levels using subjective rating methods is a common and valid approach. In case that researchers are interested in the subjective a) quality and b) affective rating, participants have to rate the stimuli on both scales. Even though subject should just rate only one of the scales to be n...

The general image quality equation (GIQE) [Leachtenauer et al., Appl. Opt. 36, 8322-8328 (1997)] is an empirical formula for predicting the quality of imagery from a given incoherent optical system in terms of the National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS). In some scenarios, the two versions of the GIQE (versions 3.0 and 4.0) yield significantly different NIIRS predictions. We comp...

INTRODUCTION The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) is frequently used to assess patient-reported breathlessness in both a research and clinical context. A subgroup of patients report average breathlessness as worse than their worst breathlessness in the last 24 hours (paradoxical average). The Peak/End rule describes how the most extreme and current breathlessness influence reported average. This st...

The focus of this paper is to evaluate the benefits of a Japanese e-government project. In this research, the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) grid was used to measure the e-government benefits from the users’ perspective. A list of 27 government benefits was identified from the e-government literature reviews and each of the benefits was rated using a five point Likert scale. On a five po...