The mechanism of generation of internal gravity waves (IGW) by mesoscale turbulence in the troposphere is considered. The equations that describe the generation of waves by hydrodynamic sources of momentum, heat and mass are derived. Calculations of amplitudes, wave energy ̄uxes, turbulent viscosities, and accelerations of the mean ̄ow caused by IGWs generated in the troposphere are made. A com...

This article presents a new performance measure, the actuation e ciency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-e ector accelerations achievable in di erent directions. Prior to this, no measure of this characteristic was adequate for a six degree-of-freedom manipulator, because its ende ector motions are ref...

This article presents a new performance meamre, the actuation eficiency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-effector accelerations achievable in different directions. Prior to this, no measurre of this characteriStic was adequate for a six dem-of-freedom manipulator, because its endeffector motions are re...

In diving birds, the volume and resulting buoyancy of air spaces changes with dive depth, and hydrodynamic drag varies with swim speed. These factors are important in the dive patterns and locomotion of alcids that use their wings both for aerial flight and underwater swimming and of penguins that use their wings only for swimming. Using small data-loggers on free-ranging birds diving to 20-30 ...

There has been considerable interest in heart rate (fh) fluctuations in relation to cardiovascular control systems and foetal conditions during pregnancy in mammals. Prominent fluctuations in fh also occur in avian embryos, which are an important experimental model for studying developmental physiology. The present study determined the instantaneous fh of seven chick embryos continuously from t...

We have tested the proportionality of force and acceleration in Newton's second law, F=ma, in the limit of small forces and accelerations. Our tests reach well below the acceleration scales relevant to understanding several current astrophysical puzzles such as the flatness of galactic rotation curves, the Pioneer anomaly, and the Hubble acceleration. We find good agreement with Newton's second...

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to correlate changes in the intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate patterns with the development of significant neonatal acidemia. STUDY DESIGN We identified 488 fetuses at a gestational age of >37 weeks' gestation who had continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labor for the last 2 hours and umbilical artery cord gas analysis performed at delivery. ...

Puente, C, Abián-Vicén, J, Areces, F, López, R, and Del Coso, J. Physical and physiological demands of experienced male basketball players during a competitive game. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 956-962, 2017-The aim of this investigation was to analyze the physical and physiological demands of experienced basketball players during a real and competitive game. Twenty-five well-trained basketball ...

This article presents a new performance measure, the actuation eeciency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-eeector accelerations achievable in diierent directions. Prior to this, no measure of this characteristic was adequate for a six degree-of-freedom manipulator, because its end-eeector motions are re...