The purpose of this study was to elucidate the processes controlling the distribution and behavior of the longerlived Ra isotopes in continuous Paleozoic carbonate aquifers of parts of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Activities of (Ra) and (Ra) were analyzed in fresh and saline ground waters, brines, and rocks. The ̄uids have a wide salinity range (200±250,000 mg lÿ1 total dissolved solids). Th...