The randomized clinical trial (RCT) and systematic review underpin evidence-based medicine. They are perceived to provide the strongest evidence on interventions—when viewed as part of an evidence hierarchy, and are generally accepted as such, in clinical medicine. Yet, they are perceived to have limited currency in health promotion practice. Those trying to build bridges across these fields ha...

This paper is a practical guide to the essentials of statistical analysis and reporting of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). It is the first in a series of 4 educational papers on statistical issues for RCTs, which will also include statistical controversies in RCT reporting and interpretation, the fundamentals of design for RCTs, and statistical challenges in the design and monitoring of RCTs...

BACKGROUND The Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy (HSSS), which contains three phases, is widely used to identify Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in MEDLINE. Lefebvre and Clarke suggest that reviewers might consider using four revisions of the HSSS. The objective of this study is to validate these four revisions: combining the free text terms volunteer, crossover, versus, and the Med...

Frobenius bimodules are connected with Frobenius algebras and extensions. For instance, a ring extension φ : R → S is a Frobenius extension if and only if RSS is a Frobenius bimodule [1]. Brzeziński and Gómez-Torrecillas studied in [4] certain properties of comatrix corings in relation to properties of bimodules. In particular they showed that the comatrix coring [6] induced by any Frobenius bi...

Many randomized controlled trials in which motivational interviewing (MI) is a key intervention make no provision for the assessment of treatment fidelity. This methodological shortcoming makes it impossible to distinguish between high- and low-quality MI interventions, and, consequently, to know whether MI provision has contributed to any intervention effects. This article makes some practical...

The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) is an evidence-based clinical intervention that has significantly evolved over 25 years of clinical research. CAMS is best understood as a therapeutic framework that emphasizes a unique collaborative assessment and treatment planning process between the suicidal patient and clinician. This process is designed to enhance the thera...

BACKGROUND A number of papers have proposed or evaluated the delayed-start design as an alternative to the standard two-arm parallel group randomized clinical trial (RCT) design in the field of rare disease. However the discussion is felt to lack a sufficient degree of consideration devoted to the true virtues of the delayed start design and the implications either in terms of required sample-s...

Characterizations of quasi-continuousmodules and continuousmodules are given. A non-trivial generalization of injectivity (distinct from p-injectivity) is considered.

In categories related to complete quasi-monoidal lattices, we investigate the relations among (L,♦)-(respectively, (L, )-,(L, )-) fuzzy quasi-uniform spaces, (L, ,∧)-fuzzy topological spaces and (L, ,∧)fuzzy interior spaces induced functions. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A40, 08A72, 06D72

INTRODUCTION The standard methodologies for the design and conduction of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often difficult to be directly applied when older persons compose the target population (Pahor and Cesari, 2012). In fact, specific methodological adaptations are often required to guarantee the feasibility of the trial, ensure the participants’ adherence/compliance to the protocol, ...