Rainfall-induced soil erosion of a mountain area plays a significant role in supplying sediment and shaping the landscape. The related area of soil erosion, as an index of the changed landscape, is easier to calculate visually using some popular imaging tools. By image analysis, our work shows that the changing of the soil erosion area admits the structure of an S-growth curve. Therefore, we pr...

This paper examines the possibility of developing a risk management instrument by designing a financial security whose value is linked to the average revenue of a given area. This type of program is sufficiently general to be considered for any group of businesses that face production uncertainty. In agriculture, it has been proposed as an alternative to multiple peril crop insurance programs, ...

as social health is a condition-driven, dynamic and fluid concept, it seems necessary to construct and obtain a national and relevant concept of it for every society. providing an empirical back up for iran's concept of social health was the aim of the present study.this study is an ecologic study in which available data for 30 provinces of iran in 2007 were analyzed. in order to prove construc...

In this paper, using Sicilian and Australian rainfall intensity data, a comparison between different estimators (modified Fournier index F, FF index) of the rainfall erosivity factor in the USLE was made. The relationship between the modified Fournier index and the mean annual rainfall, P, was theoretically derived. The K constant, linking the FF index and P, and its cumulative distribution fun...

insurance companies are important economic institutions in each country and support other economic institutions and good performance of them has an effective role in economic boom. insurance companies to achieve strong and effective performance must be aware of the environment, the competitor and their performance and carry out necessary actions with regard to this information. in this study, t...