Since 1969 the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Health Organization (along with the Pan American Health Organization, working with countries in Latin America and the Caribbean) have operated postal dosimetry audits based on thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) for radiotherapy centers. The purpose of these audits is to provide an independent dosimetry check of radiation beams used ...

Internal dosimetry is a discipline which brings together set of knowledge, tools and procedures for calculating the dose received after incorporation radionuclides into body. Several steps are necessary to calculate committed effective (CED) workers or members public. Each step uses best available knowledge in field radionuclide biokinetics, energy deposition organs tissues, efficiency radiatio...

Radioiodine therapy is known as the most effective treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) to ablate remnant thyroid tissue after surgery. In patients with DTC treated with radioiodine, internal radiation dosimetry of radioiodine is useful for radiation risk assessment. The aim of this study is to describe a method to estimate the absorbed dose to the blood using medical internal ra...

It is the purpose of this study to evaluate how self-expanding stents (SESs) affect esophageal cancer radiation planning target volumes (PTVs) and dose delivered to surrounding organs at risk (OARs). Ten patients were evaluated, for whom a SES was placed before radiation. A computed tomography (CT) scan obtained before stent placement was fused to the post-stent CT simulation scan. Three method...

Radiation exposure to the surgeon and patient was measured in 14 patients during internal fixation of trochanteric fractures of the femur. Dosimetry studies were also done to determine the directions of maximum scatter production. The results indicated that the standard lead apron suffices for adequate gonadal and bone marrow shielding but the surgeon is still exposed to significant radiation l...

A derivative-free optimization (DFO) method is an that does not make use of derivative information in order to find the optimal solution. It advantageous for solving real-world problems which only available about objective function output a specific input. In this paper, we develop framework DFO called DQL method. designed be versatile hybrid capable performing direct search, quadratic-model an...

In vivo dosimetry is important during radiotherapy to ensure the accuracy of the dose delivered to the treatment volume. A dosimeter should be characterized based on its application before it is used for in vivo dosimetry. In this study, we characterize a new MOSFET-based detector, the MOSkin detector, on surface for in vivo skin dosimetry. The advantages of the MOSkin detector are its water eq...

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) continues to demonstrate tremendous potential in improving the therapeutic gains radiation by specifically delivering tumors that can be well assessed terms of dosimetry and imaging. Dosimetry external beam is standard practice. This not case, however, RPT. NRG (acronym formed from first letter 3 original groups: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Bowel Project,...

Chromosomal translocations in people who have lived in houses contaminated with radiation were substantially raised compared with controls. Retrospective biological dosimetry indicated cumulative exposures less than 1.0 Gy, which were lower than values derived from physical measurements.