materials and methods: one hundred and thirty five mesial root canals of mandibular first and second molar teeth were selected. access cavities were prepared. after inserting a k-file size #10 into each canal, radiographs were taken. canal curvature was determined by measuring the schneider angle, canal access angle, as well as the canal radius, length, height and curvature starting distance on...

In this work we study the asymptotic traffic flow in Gromov’s hyperbolic graphs when the traffic decays exponentially with the distance. We prove that under general conditions, there exists a phase transition between local and global traffic. More specifically, assume that the traffic rate between two nodes u and v is given by R(u, v) = β−d(u,v) where d(u, v) is the distance between the nodes. ...

Cosmic rays have valuable information about universe surroundings us. Finding energy, mass and arrival direction of primary cosmic ray particle are the most important aspects of extensive air shower studies. In order to determine these parameters, arrival direction and core position of extensive air showers should be determined at first. In this article, a new method has been introduced that ut...

In this work we study the asymptotic traffic behaviour in Gromov’s hyperbolic spaces when the traffic decays exponentially with the distance. We prove that under general conditions, there exist a phase transition between local and global traffic. More specifically, assume that the traffic rate between two nodes u and v is given by R(u, v) = β−d(u,v) where d(u, v) is the distance between the nod...

Results are presented on the analysis of CDHS test beam data using an iron-scintillator calorimeter exposed to electrons and pions in the energy range 10 to 140 GeV. Shower development is studied in order to extract information on calorimetric response to electrons and pions, longitudinal and transverse shower profiles, shower containment and correlations, muon punch through and the effect on e...

The High density Projection Chamber (HPC)is a sampling calorimeter where shower conversion and detection is separated. It offers a simple and homogeneous large volume detector with an energy resolution of (10-11)%/h, an inherent resolution transverse to the shower axis of 100 um and an exceptionally fine granularity along the shower. The use of this detector in a colliding beam experiment will ...

In air shower experiments information about the initial cosmic ray particle or about the shower development is obtained by exploiting the correlations between the quantities of interest and the directly measurable quantities. It is shown how these correlations are properly treated in order to obtain unbiased results. As an example, the measurement of the average penetration depth as a function ...

The KASKADE and CORSIKA air shower generators are compared to the data collected by MASS2 balloon experiment in 1991. The test of longitudinal profile for proton, helium and muon flux production provide good constraints on these air shower generators. KASKADE and CORSIKA especially with the new simulator UrQMD for low energies are found to fit these data well. This study is limited to a compari...

BACKGROUND Bathing is a deeply ingrained custom among Japanese; however, data on the incidence rate of symptoms and accidents during bathing have not yet been reported for the Japanese general public. METHODS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 617 Japanese adults who attended a specialized health checkup. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess...