We call (i?) 1 the Lie ring associated with R, and denote it by 9Î. The question of how far the properties of SR determine those of R is of considerable interest, and has been studied extensively for the case when R is an algebra, but little is known of the situation in general. In an earlier paper the author investigated the effect of the nilpotency of 9î upon the structure of R if R contains ...

Let m,n, r be nonzero fixed positive integers, R a 2-torsion free prime ring, Q its right Martindale quotient ring, and L a non-central Lie ideal of R. Let D : R −→ R be a skew derivation of R and E(x) = D(xm+n+r)−D(xm)xn+r − xmD(xn)xr − xm+nD(xr). We prove that if E(x) = 0 for all x ∈ L, then D is a usual derivation of R or R satisfies s4(x1, . . . , x4), the standard identity of degree 4.

let $r$ be a commutative ring. the purpose of this article is to introduce a new class of ideals of r called weakly irreducible ideals. this class could be a generalization of the families quasi-primary ideals and strongly irreducible ideals. the relationships between the notions primary, quasi-primary, weakly irreducible, strongly irreducible and irreducible ideals, in different rings, has bee...

We experimentally demonstrate cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators as the key component of a WDM interconnection system. We show clean eye-diagrams when each of the four micro-ring modulators is modulated at 4 Gbit/s. We show that optical inter-channel crosstalk is negligible with 1.3-nm channel spacing.

let $r$ be a ring‎, ‎and let $n‎, ‎d$ be non-negative integers‎. ‎a right $r$-module $m$ is called $(n‎, ‎d)$-projective if $ext^{d+1}_r(m‎, ‎a)=0$ for every $n$-copresented right $r$-module $a$‎. ‎$r$ is called right $n$-cocoherent if every $n$-copresented right $r$-module is $(n+1)$-coprese-nted‎, ‎it is called a right co-$(n,d)$-ring if every right $r$-module is $(n‎, ‎d)$-projective‎. ‎$r$ ...

We show that a Dedekind-finite, semi-π-regular ring with a “nice” topology is an א0-exchange ring, and the same holds true for a strongly clean ring with a “nice” topology. We generalize the argument to show that a Dedekind-finite, semi-regular ring with a “nice” topology is a full exchange ring. Putting these results in the language of modules, we show that a cohopfian module with finite excha...

The Galois ring GR(p,m) of characteristic p and cardinality p, where p is a prime and r,m ≥ 1 are integers, is a Galois extension of the residue class ring Zpr by a root ω of a monic basic irreducible polynomial of degree m over Zpr . Every element of GR(p ,m) can be expressed uniquely as a polynomial in ω with coefficients in Zpr and degree less than or equal to m − 1, thus GR(p,m) is a free m...

Let be a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be a proper ideal of . D’Anna and Fontana in [6] introduced a new construction of ring,  named amalgamated duplication of along I. In this paper by considering the ring homomorphism , it is shown that if , then , also it is proved that if , then there exists  such that . Using this result it is shown that if is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. gen...

A new class of rings are introduced which every element in the ring sum involution and tripotent elements. This called t-clean is a generalization invo-clean subclass clean rings. Some properties this investigate. For an application graph theory, defined set vertices order pairs them element. The two adjacent if only elements zero or product zero. graphs connecting, has diameter one girth three.

Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity. An element $x in R$ is called $mathbb{Z}G$-regular (resp. strongly $mathbb{Z}G$-regular) if there exist $g in G$, $n in mathbb{Z}$ and $r in R$ such that $x^{ng}=x^{ng}rx^{ng}$ (resp. $x^{ng}=x^{(n+1)g}$). A ring $R$ is called $mathbb{Z}G$-regular (resp. strongly $mathbb{Z}G$-regular) if every element of $R$ is $mathbb{Z}G$-regular (resp. strongly $...