Quercus robur/Quercus petraea and Pinus sylvestris are widely distributed economically important tree species in Europe co-occurring on mesotrophic, xeric mesic sites. Increasing dry conditions may reduce their growth, but growth reductions be modified by mixture, competition site conditions. The annual diameter monospecific mixed stands along an ecological gradient with mean temperatures rangi...

Non-native plant pests and pathogens are increasing exponentially, causing extirpation of foundation species. The impact large-scale declines in a single host on associated biodiversity is widely documented. However, the multiple loss whether these impacts multiplicative has not been assessed. Ecological theory suggests that systems with greater functional redundancy (alternative hosts) will be...