We present results for neutrino emissivities and bulk viscosities of a two-flavor color superconducting quark matter phase with isotropic color-spin-locked (iso-CSL) single-flavor pairing which fulfill the constraints on quark matter derived from cooling and rotational evolution of compact stars. We compare with results for the phenomenologically successful, but yet heuristic 2SC+X phase.

A brief introduction into the properties of dense quark matter is given. Recently proposed gapless color superconducting phases of neutral and betaequilibrated dense quark matter are discussed. The current status in the field is described, and the promising directions of the future research are outlined.

The formation rate of quark matter droplets in neutron stars is calculated from a combination of bubble formation rates in cold degenerate and high temperature matter. Nuclear matter calculations of the viscosity and thermal conductivity are applied. Results show that droplets form only in the core of neutron stars shortly after supernova collapse, where pressures and temperatures are high, and...

For a heavy-light meson with a static heavy quark, we can explore the light quark distribution. The charge and matter radial distributions of these heavylight mesons are measured on a 16 × 24 lattice at β = 5.7 and a hopping parameter corresponding to a light quark mass about that of the strange quark. Both distributions can be well fitted up to 4 lattice spacings (r ≈ 0.7 fm) with the exponent...

According to quantum chromodynamics, matter at ultra-high density and low temperature is a quark liquid, with a condensate of Cooper pairs of quarks near the Fermi surface (“color superconductivity”). This paper reviews the physics of color superconductivity, and discusses some of the proposed signatures by which we might detect quark matter in neutron stars.

The mass-radius relation of compact stars is discussed with relation to the presence of quark matter in the core. The existence of a new family of compact stars with quark matter besides white dwarfs and ordinary neutron stars is outlined.

We investigate the consequences of enforcing local color neutrality on the color superconducting phases of quark matter by utilizing the Nambu-JonaLasinio model supplemented by diquark and the t’Hooft six-fermion interactions. In neutrino free matter at zero temperature, color neutrality guarantees that the number densities of u, d, and s quarks in the Color-Flavor-Locked (CFL) phase will be eq...

We discuss gapless color superconductivity for neutral quark matter in β equilibrium at zero as well as at nonzero temperature. Basic properties of gapless superconductors are reviewed. The current progress and the remaining problems in the understanding of the phase diagram of strange quark matter are discussed. PACS numbers: 12.38.-t, 12.38.Aw, 12.38.Mh, 26.60.+c Submitted to: J. Phys. G: Nuc...

We formulate and study a mechanical instability criterion for sudden hadronization of dense matter fireballs formed in 158A GeV Pb-Pb collisions. Considering properties of quark-gluon matter and hadron gas we obtain the phase boundary between these two phases and demonstrate that the required deep quark-gluon-plasma supercooling prior to sudden hadronization has occurred.