OBJECTIVES To assess quality of outpatient antibiotic use in Europe in 2009 based on the 12 European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) drug-specific quality indicators and to evaluate changes in quality between 2004 and 2009. METHODS Quality of outpatient antibiotic use in 2009 was compared between 32 countries by calculating the indicator values for 2009 for each of the 12 ESA...

We are surrounded by ever more dependable systems, such us driving assistance systems from the automotive domain or life-supporting systems from the medical domain. Due to their increasing complexity, not only the development of but also the quality assurance for such systems are becoming increasingly difficult. They may cause various degrees of harm to their environment. Hence, in order to red...

Introduction This study assesses the feasibility of using hospital discharge data to identify women with incident breast cancer, and it evaluates the use of these data to assess compliance with an indicator of quality of care. The study’s goals are to: 1) compare breast cancer case-finding algorithms based upon ICD-9 CM codes found in hospital discharge data with cancer registry data and 2) com...

today the usage of some compounds as indicator, can be checked changes of the food quality without opening the package. the most important indicators are indicates that show the level of product quality and freshness. freshness and temperature - time reagents reflect on extension of the product quality. indicators show the quality of the product, by physical and chemical changes which will be l...