The concept of quality by design (QbD) as published in ICH-Q8 is currently one of the most recurrent topics in the pharmaceutical literature. This guideline recommends the use of information and prior knowledge gathered during pharmaceutical development studies to provide a scientific rationale for the manufacturing process of a product and provide guarantee of future quality. This poses severa...

A design school's core curriculum includes a physical studio class in all disciplines. The COVID-19 pandemic led to switch from online education. Students and instructors had no prior experience with courses when the shift occurred February 2020. There have been concerns raised about quality of Students' evaluations studios were used as basis for assessing their efficiency, then factors affecti...

As software ages, its quality degrades, leading to pathologies such as architectural decay. Architectural decay is hard to fight against. First, it is a slow drifting process that results from the natural evolution of software as new features pull the system in new directions. It is not something that one can fight against on a day to day basis. Second, restructuring a legacy system is a costly...