Spatial pattern of trees can possibly indicate stand history, population dynamics, and species competition. This research was investigated in the Chahartagh forest reserve, Ardal region, chaharmehal and Bakhtiari Province, Central Zagros forest, and southwest Iranian state. In this study 53 hectare of the study area was selected and perfect inventory.  Information includes the position and kind...

Spatial pattern of trees can possibly indicate stand history, population dynamics, and species competition. This research was investigated in the Chahartagh forest reserve, Ardal region, chaharmehal and Bakhtiari Province, Central Zagros forest, and southwest Iranian state. In this study 53 hectare of the study area was selected and perfect inventory.  Information includes the position and kind...

Spatial pattern of trees can possibly indicate stand history, population dynamics, and species competition. This research was investigated in the Chahartagh forest reserve, Ardal region, chaharmehal and Bakhtiari Province, Central Zagros forest, and southwest Iranian state. In this study 53 hectare of the study area was selected and perfect inventory.  Information includes the position and kind...

The focus of present study was to find the phytosociology, distribution pattern, and diversity different species trees associated with traditional agroforestry in district Poonch, Jammu Kashmir, India. Data collected through quadrat survey method. A total fifty quadrats size (10x10m) each were thrown randomly agriculture fields. Total 26 tree belonging 16 families 21 genera encountered agricult...

The increasing concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere has caused significant environmental changes, particularly to the lower plants such as terrestrial algae and lichens that alter species composition, and therefore can contribute to changes in community landscape. A study to understand how increased CO₂ in the atmosphere will affect algal density with minimal adjustment on its natural ecosyst...

The development of Verticillium wilt epidemics in olive cv. Arbequina was studied from November 1999 to May 2003 in a drip-irrigated, nontillage orchard established in a soil without a history of the disease at Córdoba, southern Spain. Disease incidence measured at 1-month-intervals increased from 0.2 to 7.8% during this period. Verticillium dahliae infecting the trees was characterized as defo...

Benthic habitat zonation is described from in situ observations and seabed photographs taken the coastal area of Weno Island, Chuuk, Micronesia. Habitat groups, types, boundaries are defined by visible substratum characteristics (i.e., digital imaging photo-quadrats along transect lines), cluster ordination analyses using relative coverage percentage identified classification categories. The st...

There is increasing interest in the potential for payment-by-results approaches to be adopted more widely agri-environment schemes address some of limitations conventional action-based approaches. To date, researchers have almost exclusively applied approach grassland farming systems. This paper reports on results from an English, pure pilot scheme that tested delivery two environmental objecti...