A simplified electrospray ionization source based on electrostatic field induction is introduced in this paper. The electrostatic field induced spray ionization, termed EFISI, is easily performed using a needle electrode and a capillary, and it does not require heat, gas, a syringe pump or any other equipment. A high voltage is applied to a needle electrode which does not contact the sample. Th...

Breakthrough pain in children with cancer is an exacerbation of severe pain that occurs over a background of otherwise controlled pain. There are no randomized controlled trials in the management of breakthrough pain in children with cancer, and limited data and considerable experience indicate that breakthrough pain in this pediatric patient group is common, underassessed, and undertreated. An...

The spraying of an impinging jet is an effective way to cool heated surfaces. The objective of this study is to develop a numerical model to predict the heat transfer with phase change between a hot plate surface and a two-phase impinging jet. Different two-phase modeling approaches (Lagrangian and Eulerian methods) are compared. The influence of the spray nozzle operating conditions (pressure,...

general concept and major emphasis on off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (opcab) is maintaining quality of care and patient safety while reducing cost and resource utilization. opcab probably avoids the potential complications of cardiopulmonary bypass. however its acceptance depends on clinical and economic outcome. the aim of this study is to compare clinical and economic outcome of off-...

In this work, result of experimental investigation on interaction of fuel spray generated by a swirled type injector, with air motion in a prototype cylinder are presented. Experiments were carried out by planar imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques in order to provide information about the spray structure evolution and instantaneous velocity distribution of air motion and ...

Navy research shows that water delivered as a fine mist (or fog) is more effective than sprays in suppressing large scale fires[1, 2]. Fine mists have three distinct advantages. First, the small drop sizes that make up the mist allow the water to reach obstructed fires more easily than larger spray drops. Secondly, the water mist system has a lower water demand than the spray system. Lastly, sm...