This article elucidates connections between two strategies of transnational social movements—external pressure and local mobilization—and two potential outcomes—paternalism and psychological empowerment. Application of this theoretical framework to the nascent Chinese labor movement indicates that an overreliance on an external-pressure approach results in paternalism, thereby precluding psycho...

Empowerment is fundamentally about people and groups gaining more control over their own affairs. Because the forces that prevent and enable such control are complex (both objective and subjective) and multilayered (micro-, meso-, and macrostructural), empowerment has been theorized as a multilevel construct that is concerned with both processes and outcomes and with both subjective experiences...

This article examines the significance of the correlation between coach leadership behavior and players’ organizational citizenship behavior, and the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the process. A total of 73 professional handball players from five different teams assessed leadership style, psychological empowerment, and organizational citizenship behavior based on the scale adap...

the present research aims to investigate and rank which affect and re affected by employees’ psychological empowerment in order to help organizations and their employees to be more committed to their jobs by accessing resources and feeling control and ownership and use initiative in their works in order to do works well so that their effectiveness and efficiency within organization will be impr...

the purpose of the present study mediating role of psychological empowerment of employees in relation to the effective management and organizational excellence.this research is based on the target application is based on a description of the method of data collection survey. the population of the city of hamadan university research represents all employees, sample using cochran's formula f...

The study investigates the relationship between education level, workplace learning behaviors, psychological empowerment and burnout in a sample of 191 teachers. We hypothesized that education level will positively affect psychological state of increased empowerment and decreased burnout, and we purposed that these effects will be mediated by workplace learning behaviors. We used multiple regre...

the aim of this study was to survey the relationship between participation motivation, psychological empowerment and affective commitment in iran physical education organization employees. the statistical population consisted of 380 experts and managers of iran physical education organization. with krejcie and morgan’s table, statistical sample (n=225) was selected. spritzer’s standardized psyc...