introduction: functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms which could affect patients’ quality of life. the colonic transit time test could be used for determining functional constipation subtypes. the aim of our study was to determine the abnormalities of the subtypes of functional constipation using ctt. methods and materials: this cross-sectional study was per...

The travel forecasting process is at the heart of urban transportation planning. Travel forecasting models are used to project future traffic and are the basis for the determination of the need for new road capacity, transit service changes and changes in land use policies and patterns. Travel demand modeling involves a series of mathematical models that attempt to simulate human behavior while...

This research focuses on utilizing typically overlooked taxi manifest data to analyze taxi operations with respect to transit, and also presents alternative uses for the data in transportation planning. Taxi travel characteristics are explored for Arlington, Virginia, a county containing both urban and suburban qualities. Previous research contends that manifest data can provide valuable quanti...

This paper proposes a novel beamforming technique to form an arbitrary-shaped cell for the high-altitude platforms (HAPs) mobile communications. The new technique is based on pattern summation of individual low-sidelobe, narrow beams which constitute the desired cell pattern weighted by an amplitude correcting function. The new cell pattern can be adapted to cover the main highways forming worm...

vibration generated by vehicles during road transport has an important effect on the agricultural products damage process, particularly vegetable and fruit. modulus of elasticity is one of the most important mechanical properties of fruits and its variation can be described as one of the damage criteria during transportation. this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of vibration para...

This report investigates the role that public transit can play in reducing traffic congestion. Investigates the role that public transit can play in reducing traffic congestion. This analysis indicates that high quality public transit tends to reduce congestion by attracting travelers who would otherwise drive. As public transit service improves on a corridor (including improved speed, convenie...

BACKGROUND The common hematophagous bat, Desmodus rotundus, is one of the main wild reservoirs of rabies virus in several regions in Latin America. New production practices and changed land use have provided environmental features that have been very favorable for D. rotundus bat populations, making this species the main transmitter of rabies in the cycle that involves humans and herbivores. In...

Abstract Roads are important drivers of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation that affect global biodiversity. Detrimental effects roads include direct mortality individual animals, spread habitat-altering invasive plants, loss demographic genetic connectivity wildlife populations. Various measures address the negative on wildlife. However, most strategies for minimizing or mitigating fo...