Trade-offs may influence both physiological and evolutionary responses to co-occurring stressors, but their effects on both plastic and adaptive responses to climate change are poorly understood. To test for genetic and physiological trade-offs incurred in tolerating multiple stressors, we hybridized two populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus that were divergent for both h...

Maintenance of genetic variation at loci under selection has profound implications for adaptation under environmental change. In temporally and spatially varying habitats, non-neutral polymorphism could be maintained by heterozygote advantage across environments (marginal overdominance), which could be greatly increased by beneficial reversal of dominance across conditions. We tested for revers...

4 Pore fluid chlorinity/salinity data from deep-sea cores related to the salinity maximum 5 of the last glacial maximum (LGM) are analyzed using estimation methods deriving from 6 linear control theory. With conventional diffusion coefficient values and no vertical advection, 7 results show a very strong dependence upon initial conditions at -100 ky. Earlier inferences 8 that the abyssal Southe...

Ambient salinities drop dramatically during monsoon season in Hong Kong coastal waters, posing a number of problems for externally fertilizing species like the polychaete Hydroides elegans. In this study, we investigated (1) whether adults would retain their gametes when external salinity dropped to levels too low to support fertilization and development, and (2) whether failure of development ...

Although salinity in many ecosystems such as salt marshes can be extremely high, an asymmetry in salinity range between experimental studies (relatively narrow) and field conditions (potentially broad) has strongly affected current understanding of plant salinity tolerance. To improve understanding, it is thus important to examine plant tolerances over a broad range of salinities and identify p...

Five Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, MR33, MR52, MR211, MR219, and MR232, were tested in pot culture under different salinity regimes for biochemical response, physiological activity, and grain yield. Three different levels of salt stresses, namely, 4, 8, and 12 dS m(-1), were used in a randomized complete block design with four replications under glass house conditions. The results...

We used regression analyses of water samples from 18 lakes, nine rivers, and one spring in Ethiopia to (a) test the hypothesis that water bodies of relatively higher salinity (K25 > 1000 hiS cm -1) have a different conductivity to salinity relationship than waters of lower salinity (K25 < 1000 taS cm-1), and (b) develop models to predict total cations and salinity from conductivity that can be ...

This work presents the use of the schlieren imaging to quantify the salinity gradients in a microfluidic device. By partially blocking the back focal plane of the objective lens, the schlieren microscope produces an image with patterns that correspond to spatial derivative of refractive index in the specimen. Since salinity variation leads to change in refractive index, the fluid mixing of an a...

Six species/cultivars were selected for the comparative anatomical studies of leaf in the genus Rosa from Faisalabad and adjoining administrative districts. The most widely cultivated R. damascena showed some specific anatomical modifications in leaves such as thick leaves (lamina), thick upper epidermis, large palisade cells, wide protoxylem vessels, large phloem area and large and more stomat...