one of the most important fuel cells (fcs) is proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pemfcs). the outputvoltage of this fc depends on current loads. this paper tries to introduce, implement and control the voltage ofpemfc, during load variations. the output voltage of fuel cell should be constant during load variation. toachieve this goal, a controller should be designed. here, the lead-lag contr...

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance depends substantially on the geometry, configuration of flow channels, and size. A right gas field pattern requires a homogeneous reactant distribution, low-pressure drop, good water management. This paper outlines numerical study, investigated influence U-type, Z-type, serpentine steady-state using CFD technique ANSYS FLUENT PEMFC module. Th...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology (PEMFC) is highly suited to automotive applications since it can offer efficient energy conversion in a compact and robust package. Size and reliability are related to the simplicity of the system, which in turn is influenced by the choice of stack cooling strategy. Intelligent Energy is targeting automotive applications using evaporatively cooled s...

This paper presents an adaptive PID using stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) power system. PEMFC is nonlinear system that encounters external disturbances such as inlet gas pressures and temperature variations, which control law should be designed. The SGDM algorithm employed to minimize the cost function adapt parameters according ...

The number of working points and response speed are two essential characteristics proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). improper setting the may reduce life PEMFC increase hydrogen consumption vehicle. This paper explores impact as well on in real-system level. In this a dynamic model system is established verified by experiments. able to reflect process under series different speed. Base...

To solve the oxygen supply problem of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this paper presents a reduced-order active disturbance rejection control method for PEMFC air intake system based on estimation excess ratio(EOER-RADRC). First, control-oriented third-order nonlinear model was established system. Then, model, extended state observer designed to unmeasured cathode pressure paramete...

The recovery of waste heat from Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel cell is sin qua non to the development organic Rankin cycle units. Despite appreciable increase in sale PEM fuel units 2021, some these typified by large fluctuations mass flow rate as well temperature which more likely affect overall performance an Rankine (ORC) unit when coupled a cell. It therefore imperative that dynamic mo...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising energy sources that produce electrical currents with almost null pollutant emissions, and they have been received growing attention in recent years. Maintaining a fuel cell system in correct operating conditions requires good system control. Based on the mathematical model of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, model linearization is carried ou...

In the current days, fuel cells are more preferred to generate electricity due their positive sides. Because, if they use hydrogen and oxygen as fuel, only produce electricity, heat, water. This property of is significant because preventing environmental chemical pollution so, contribute environment positively. addition, have points such no moving or rotating parts. Therefore, required for mech...

A three dimensional (3D), gas-liquid multi-phase flow and transport model in COMSOL Multiphysics has been developed to simulate phenomena a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with several operational parameters. The effects of changes oxygen hydrogen input velocities on concentration change at electrodes, current density polymeric performance have investigated PEMFC. simulations, made f...