The major source of environmental problems nowadays is the disregard of the laws of nature which escalates even more in the globalizing industrial society. It is a natural question whether we are not facing similar dangers in the more rapidly globalizing information society. What are the most important factors which characterise software or information customers’ value systems in different nati...

One of the specific aspects of our time is the existence of World Trade Organization as an important international center. This organization regulates the commercial laws among the countries, and tries to provide a suitable environment for trade by eliminating the subsidies using protection policies and making a better condition for competition. In order to achieve this objective, the economic ...

Protection is a crucial aspect of computing systems, in particular when users co-operate using shared objects. Since CORBA has become a standard in the object community, designing a protection service that is well integrated within the CORBA framework is an issue of first interest. Several well defined protection models have been proposed, among which access control list based models and capabi...

Grids encourage the dynamic addition of resources that are not likely to be benefited from the security that static, centrally administered commercial firewall’s or IDS’s provide. On the contrary, Grids need to enforce their own security policies that are self automated, as the manual management techniques are time consuming, insecure and error prone. This paper presents a new self-protection m...

environmental protection is a key element in urban management. due to complex relationships between human and environment in metropolises the importance of environment is ever-increasing. in this paper the current situation of environment in tehran metropolis including air, water, biodiversity and human habitat along with the most crucial threats, their effect as well as the associated agencies...

this descriptive study is carried out to determine the effectiveness of family planning programmes in iran for years 1991-96. the study revealed the following outlines: contraceptives prevalence rates increased from 42% to 67% during years 1991-96. zaro couples years of protection increased for norplant, injectable contraceptive, iud, vasectomy and tubectomy, but for candom it is decreased in y...