Natural isolates and laboratory strains of West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were attenuated for neuroinvasiveness in mouse models for flavivirus encephalitis by serial passage in human adenocarcinoma (SW13) cells. The passage variants displayed a small-plaque phenotype, augmented affinity for heparin-Sepharose, and a marked increase in specific infectivity for SW13 ce...

1049-9644/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.05.013 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Silve Ants frequently protect honeydew-excreting hemipterans from their natural enemies in exchange for food, and these interactions can have a negative impact on biological control. Invasive ant species, such as the Argentine ant, Linepithe...

A strain of camelpox virus (CMLV) isolated in the Sudan was attenuated by serial passage in Vero cell monolayers for use as a future vaccine strain. The safety and potency of passage 115 virus (designated Sudan CMLV/115) was tested. Camels inoculated with CMLV/115 showed no clinical disease or skin lesions, developed low-level antibodies and cell-mediated immune response and resisted challenge ...

The availability of vertebrate hosts is a major determinant of the occurrence of ticks and tick-borne zoonoses in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems and thus drives disease risk for wildlife, livestock, and humans. However, it remains challenging to quantify the availability of vertebrate hosts in field settings, particularly for medium-sized to large-bodied mammals. Here, we present a method...

COVID-19 seems to have progressed under two general assumptions: a) every new variant of SARS-Co V-2 should bear the worst consequences, thus justifying extension government-mandated lock-downs, school and border closures, face mask wearing other restrictive measures b) that hastily developed experimental vaccines employing novel technologies would quickly efficiently stop pandemic by protectin...

The isolation, identification and total synthesis of two plant-derived inhibitors of the NF-κB signaling pathway from the iso-seco-tanapartholide family of natural products is described. A key step in the efficient reaction sequence is a late-stage oxidative cleavage reaction that was carried out in the absence of protecting groups to give the natural products directly. A detailed comparison of...

This year is the 100th anniversary of one of the most famous (or infamous depending on perspective) statutes in U.S. history: the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. This law banned business arrangements in restraint of trade (Section 1) and prohibited attempts to monopolize (Section 2). While much emphasis in this centennial year will be placed on the law’s application, the origin and intent of the...