Abstract: This paper is about Iranian health industry facing the challenges created by the comprehensive international sanctions. This paper aims to give a realistic account of the different positive and negative impacts of the factor of international collaboration (or rather, the lack thereof) on the dual aspects of "technological and non-technological" catching up process. The case study is r...

The authors are concerned with the reconciliation of private rights that intellectual property rights (IPRs) represent with the public benefit deriving from properly developed technical standards. One of the key difficulties in achieving this aim is that IPRs are increasingly perceived as conflicting with other norms; in particular, the relationship between intellectual property law and competi...

The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) set global minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property, substantially increasing and expanding intellectual-property rights, and generated clear gains for the pharmaceutical industry and the developed world. The question of whether TRIPS generates gains for developing coun...

in most legal systems, the right to cancel the contract is provided for consumer in electronic contracts with slight variations. in article 6 of the european :union: directives on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts, such right is provided too. article 37 of iranian ec code considered for the right of withdrawal is very close to the above terms. there is a controversy a...

In the work, author determined relevance of topic scientific research. It was noted that principle studying intellectual property as an independent legal term is by: first, general methodological importance and improving concepts categories jurisprudence, well terminology used in acts law-making, interpretation law enforcement; secondly, existing shortcomings its terminological consolidation pr...

Indigenous peoples have long been the focus of research conducted by many archaeologists, anthropologists and ethnographers. The vast majority of these researchers are non-Indigenous. Research produces knowledge that, under current intellectual property laws, is legally owned, controlled and disseminated by the researcher. Indigenous communities who share their cultural and intellectual propert...

nowadays, images of celebrities are used to advertise goods and services, and this phenomenon is growing. on the one hand, in recent years, celebrities become aware of the value of image and image rights in advertisement world. on the other hand, many agencies and owners of goods and services become aware of the important effect of popularity of celebrities as a tool to boost sales of goods. th...