We seek to improve balance recovery in amputee gait by taking advantage of the advent of active leg prostheses. Toward this goal, we use inspiration from biology to identify reflex-like control strategies that stabilize gait, refine these strategies in simulations of amputee locomotion, and evaluate the resulting controllers in experiments with human subjects wearing custom prototypes of active...

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) requiring surgical intervention between anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) and total disc replacement (TDR).Background: The concern for ASD has led to the development of motion-preserving technologies such as TDR. However, whether replacement arthroplasty in the spine achieves its primary patient-centered object...

In joint reconstruction, the techniques and materials that provide the best outcomes for patients have been debated. The main points of controversy relate to the use of hemiarthroplasties versus total joint prostheses with metal-on-metal versus metal-on-polyethylene articulations. This article investigates these areas as well as the applicability of the techniques and materials and the complica...

Adverse reactions to metal-on-metal (MoM) prostheses are well known from total hip joint resurfacing arthroplasty with elevated serum chrome or cobalt, pain and pseudo tumor formation. It may, however, also be seen after total joint replacement of the trapeziometacarpal joint using MoM articulation, and we present two cases of failure of MoM prostheses due to elevated metal-serum levels in one ...

Modern components and materials in combination with recent pattern recognition methods for electromyographic (EMG) signals enable creating multi-functional arm prostheses with intelligent and user-friendly control [1]. While the usage of pattern recognition of features extracted from EMG signals has proven highly efficient in transradial prostheses [2,3], most current transhumeral prostheses ut...

There is currently a distinction drawn between a prosthesis considered to be provided for purely cosmetic reasons and a functional prosthesis provided to enable the amputee to achieve basic hand function. Using video analysis the study reported in this paper demonstrates that for non-manipulative actions cosmetic prostheses are actively used in the performance of everyday tasks as frequently as...

Total hip replacement has evolved into one of the most frequently performed reconstructive procedures in orthopaedic surgery today. A modified anterior approach developed by the senior surgeon has been utilized in performing over 3,000 operations in the past two decades. It is a unique and facile exposure. It can be easily applied to primary and revision surgery. Noncemented prostheses have bee...

Breast prostheses are implanted for augmentation or during reconstructive surgery. One of the more commonly used prostheses is the polyurethane-sponge-covered silicone gel implant. Some clinicians are concerned about the safety of this product because the polyurethane foam disintegrates in vivo, and its subsequent fate is not known. Polyurethane is a polymer formed by reacting diisocyanates and...

A load deflection and a cyclic loading apparatus capable of measuring dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, pronation/supination, internal/external rotation, and cyclic dorsiflexion (60 cycles per minute) of ankle-foot prostheses are described. A test protocol was developed to assess the functional parameters of the Jaipur ankle-foot prosthesis before and after prolonged cyclic loading, with the simulta...

Various options are available in clinical practice for the replacement of a single missing tooth, ranging from conventional fixed and removable dental prostheses to a single implant-supported crown. There are situations in which a semipermanent fixed dental prosthesis may be desirable, particularly for patients who have completed orthodontic treatment but are too young to embark on implant ther...